LESSONS IN SPANISH. 





The ZKOI.ITES owe their name to tho fact that they into- 



niesoc, or I' >it (i<n, 1 tn.il), wln-ii heated in tlm liii>w|iijiu flame. 



They consist of silica, alumina, an alkali, uml wutor. It in in 



the giving off of thin latter constituent tluit tho bailing is pro- 



iiin-.-.l are never found otnbedded in the ruck in nopa- 



, l)iit usually am .-IU^I.T.-.! on a Hurface. They are 



aid trap rocks; and wator at 



.". hitfli t.-iu;.. Tuture Bouma to have had something to do with 

 -Ji.'ir ; 



Aiuilcime Bomotimoa appears in colourless, but usually milky 

 .'-i, which are deltoid octahedrons of tho monometrio sys- 

 tem. Its naiuo id derived from avaA/cu, weak, alluding to its 

 weak electric power when rubbed. It is found in cavities of 

 old Liv.n, and M composed of 8 atoma of silica, 3 of alumina, 

 .( of Hoda, and C of water. 



'itjllite occurs in prisms of the dimetric system, termi- 

 ni a sharp pyramid. Its composition is 10 atoma of 

 silica, 8 of lime, 1 of potash, and 16 of water. It is remarkable 

 for the little alumina it contains, and also for occasionally 

 having some fluorine. 



Natrolite appears in right-rhombic prisms, trimetric, generally 

 ucicular, the crystals being like needles. It is a hydrated double 

 silicate of alumina and soda. It is very common in the basalt 

 of the Giant's Causeway. Scolezite is uatrolite, but with lime 

 in the place of soda. 



Prehnite may be found in six-sided prisms, but usually it is 

 roniform and botryoidal. It is easily known by its pale-groon 

 colour, which is due to the presence of the protoxide of iron. 

 As prehnite receives a handsome polish, it is much used for 

 inlaid-work. 



Thomsonite occurs, like natrolite and prehnite, in radiated 

 masses. Its colour is snow-white ; its composition being 4 atoms 

 of silica, 3 of alumina, 2 of limn, 1 of soda, and 7 of water. 



Harrnotone is noted for being frequently found in twin 

 crystals or macles, so regular as to form in section a Maltese 

 cross. It contains 3 atoms of silica, 1 of alumina, 1 of baryta, 

 and 5 of water. Phillipsite is when potash and lime replace 

 the baryta. 



Stilbite occurs in monoclinic prisms, frequently in sheaves of 

 crystals. It is a double hydrated silicate of alumina and lime. 

 Its name is derived from the Greek for " lustre," as its cleavage 

 faces are eminently pearly. Heulandite, or epistilbite, has one 

 atom less water than stilbitc. In Brewsterite the liino is replaced 

 by baryta and strontia. 



Chalasite, hypostiibite, and laumonite are also zeolites of 

 no particular interest. 



LESSONS IN SPANISH. XXIII. 



THE PEEPOSITION. 



THE prepositions are employed in such a variety of ways in 

 Spanish and in English, that each one is not always to be 

 rendered from one language to the other by the same word. 

 Thus de is not always to be translated into English by of, nor 

 of into Spanish always by de. The following observations will 

 show the manner in which these prepositions are to be used : 



About, when it means through, is rendered by por ; when it 

 moans on, by sobre; when it means within, by en; when it 

 means of, by de ; as 



Ella iba cantando por el lugar, 

 she went singing about the village. 



Locke escribio sobre el Chris- 

 tinnismo, Locke wrote about Chris- 

 tianity. 



Above is rendered by sobre ; 



El are vuela sobre la tierra, The bird flies above the earth. 



Against, meaning in opposition to, or contrary to, is rendered 

 by contra ; as 



Ellos pelearou contra los Mcjica- 1 Contra la ley, against th law. 

 nos, (hey /ought against the Mexicans. \ 



Arer, meaning later in time, is rendered by despues de; 

 when it means according to, by d or segun ; and when it means 

 im mediately behind, by tras ; as 



Ellos estan en el polacio, they 

 art about the palace. 



No habla de politica en publico, 

 he does not talk about politic* in 

 public. 



According to L* rendered by tfyun, and 

 con i M 



Jo* 4rd0iMM do run!., 

 according to iki ordtrt of your IMT- 



Pr eon f\ BO nl* Md*. acc 



fay to turn a if wort* Mtfctef . 



Among, rhen it means of the number of, is rendered by entre 

 or para entre ; when it moans in the midtt of , by en mAUo de ; 

 and when it meana in, by en ; as 



Eutre loa b ombre* no bar uoo, To o> envio eotno corderosen 

 there 



qua sea recto, among the 



it not one (hat it upright. 



Para entre aniitfo* los cunipli- 

 tniontoi ion eseasadoc, among 

 friend* compliment* art unneceeeary. 



mJdio <U lotKM. /tend y at Umt* 



an.m.j .,.,,... 



En mocha* Baciotuw BO hskift 

 rey MtMJaoU A <1. among 

 MtoM thtrt MU net a Umf like him.. 



At, when it denotes in or on, is rendered by en; when it 

 denotes proximity, precedes the price of anything or the time of 

 day, or means in readiness for, it IB rendered by d; M 



Ellos estau en casa, they art at 

 ho, at. 



Elloi estan en paz, they are at 

 peace. 



Juan eata en Room, John it at 

 Rome. 



Ellos estan en la mar, they art 

 at ten. 



Al puente. at the bridge. 



A 1* ma no, at Hand. 



A ei pesos la ftaega, at tit 

 dollars a buihel. 



A lac cuat ro, at four o'clock. 



Et a mi mando, It it at my 

 command. 



Al trubtjo, at work. 



Before, meaning in the pretence of, is rendered by ante; 

 meaning in front of, or the opposite of behind, by delante de ; 

 meaning precedent in rank, or previous in time (that in, the 

 opposite of after), by antes de ; as- 



La causa Be llevara ante los 1 Prostrado en tierra delante del 



jueces, the cause will be brought before \ area del Sefior, prostrated on thf 



the judges. ', earth before the ark of tht Lord. 



Iba delante de elloa para mon- Antes de lc Marquece* ran lo* 



stror el cauiiuo, he went before them Duques, the Dukee take rank bffort 



to point out the way. tht Xarquitet. [fatt. 



Antes del dia, be/ore day. Antes de anochecer, be/ore nigHt- 



Behind is rendered by tras, or detras de ; as 



Tras la puerta, behind the door. \ Detras de ellos, behind them. 



Below is rendered by debajo de ; as 



Debnjo del labio, Below the lip. 



To ducer* between (he good ami 

 the eril. 



Between is rendered by entre ; 



Discernir entro lo bueno y lo 

 malo, 



By, meaning at or in, is rendered by de; meaning future 

 time, when, by para ; meaning close to or alongside of, by junto d; 

 and meaning through, by por ; as 



To lo neoemtare' todo para el 

 sibado, I shoU need it all by Safer- 

 day. 



De dia, by day. 



De noche, by night. 



Sirvase vmd. sentarse junto a la 

 ventana, please to seat yourself by 

 the window. 



Se ha hecho rico por malos 

 medios, he has made himtelf rich by 

 wicked means. 



Concerning, meaning about or in regard to, is rendered by 

 acerca de or tocante d ; as 



Tocante 4 esta pendlnda, con- 

 cerning (or touching) thie of air. 



Acerca de lo que hemos hablaJo, 

 concerning that which we have 

 spotcfn. 



For, meaning during, on account of, for the sake of, or in 

 behalf of, in exchange for, for the purpose of ge'ting, as by (per), 

 is rendered by por ; and when it means for the use of, or with 

 the intention of going to, it is rendered by para ; as 



Ir por dinero, to go for money. 

 Ella la recibio por wpoeo, he 

 received him for a hiubond. 



Para on principiante lo ha hecho 

 bien, for a beginner he hoe done <: 

 well. [a day* 



I Cuinta por dia ? how Much /or 

 Lo ha oomprado para mi muger, 

 I have bought it for my %n/e. 



i Paede vmd. darme un cuarto 

 por i-.-ta noche ? can you give me a 

 room for thie night T 



Piensan que por mncho habla r 

 serin oidoa, the;; think that /or much 

 peaking they will be heard. 



Murieron por su pAtria, they 

 died for their country. 



Lo dare mi flauta por au violin, 

 I will give him my flute for hit 

 violin. 



he M< out 



Despues de las seis, after sue 

 O'clock. 



A La moda francesa, after the 

 French fathian. 



Segun este modo, after this 

 manner. 



Echa la soga tras el caldero, he 

 ihrotct tie rope after the bucket. 



SaliiS para Espana, 

 for Spain. 



For is sometimes used in English when it would not be in 

 Spanish ; thus, I want to alight for a moment, necesito bajar un 

 momenta. Por is sometime? used in Spanish when it would be 

 redundant in English ; as, uno vale por machos, one w toorf* 

 many. 



