NATURAL SCIENCE TO GENERAL SCIENCE. 17 



the moral sciences, on the other hand, have, in by far the 

 most numerous cases, to do with conclusions arrived at by 

 psychological instinct. Philology, in so far as it is con- 

 cerned with the interpretation and emendation of the 

 texts handed down to us, must seek to feel out, as it were, 

 the meaning which the author intended to express, and 

 the accessory notions which he wished his words to 

 suggest ; and for that purpose it is necessary to start with 

 a correct insight, both into the personality of the author, 

 and into the genius of the language in which he wrote. 

 All this affords scope for aesthetic, but not for strictly 

 logical induction. It is only possible to pass judgment, 

 if you have ready in your memory a great number of 

 similar facts, to be instantaneously confronted with the 

 question you are trying to solve. Accordingly, one of 

 the first requisites for studies of this class is an accurate 

 and ready memory. Many celebrated historians and 

 philologists have, in fact, astounded their contemporaries 

 by their extraordinary strength of memory. Of course 

 memory alone is insufficient without a knack of every- 

 where discovering real resemblance, and without a deli- 

 cately and fully trained insight into the springs of human 

 action ; while this again is unattainable without a certain 

 warmth of sympathy and an interest in observing the 

 working of other men's minds. Intercourse with our 

 fellow-men in daily life must lay the foundation of this 

 insight, but the study of history and art serves to make 

 it richer and completer, for there we see men acting 

 under comparatively unusual conditions, and thus come 

 to appreciate the full scope of the energies which lie 

 hidden in our breasts. 



None of this group of sciences, except grammar, lead 

 us, as a rule, to frame and enunciate general laws, valid 

 under all circumstances. The laws of grammar are a 

 product of the human will, though they can hardly be 



