112 PRACTICAL BOTANY 



2. Seated in an antero-posterior position above it are two 

 chaffy scales, which represent the calyx, and it is accordingly 

 superior. 



3. Above this is the tubular yellow corolla, with a throat 

 narrowed below, and terminated by five teeth : it thus consists 

 of five petals, gamopetalous and superior. 



4. Projecting from the tube of the corolla may be seen a dark- 

 coloured, cylindrical body composed of the coherent anthers, 

 and projecting through the tube is 



5. The bifid and recurved stigma. 



Slit the tube of the corolla longitudinally, and note the five 

 separate filaments of the stamens, which insert themselves on 

 the inner surface of the narrow throat of the corolla (epipetalous), 

 while the anthers are united above so as to form a tube 

 (syngenesious), 



Remove the corolla and stamens : the long cylindrical style 

 will remain rising from the apex of the ovary, and terminating in 

 a bifid stigma ; thus it is indicated that there are two carpels, 

 syncarpous and inferior. 



Open the ovary longitudinally, and note the single cavity 

 (unilocular), and within it a single anatropous ovule attached to 

 the base of the cavity. 



As a substitute, or for comparison, the head or capitulum of 

 the Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale] should also be dissected : 

 the general features will be similar to the above, the chief points 

 of difference being that 



1. All the florets are ligulate, and bisexual. 



2. The bracteoles are abortive. 



3. The calyx is developed as a silky pappus. 



For comparison with the above types of flower, which are all 

 Dicotyledonous, examine, as typical of the Monocotyledons, 

 the flowers of the Blue Bell (Scilla nutans), which are borne in 

 simple racemes. Each is composed of 



1. A perianth, consisting of six petaloid segments which are 

 free, or polypetalous, and hypogynous : three composing an 

 outer whorl, overlap the other three which compose an inner 

 whorl. 



2. The andrcecium, consisting of six stamens, each being 



