DRY FRUITS 



the so-called seeds of the thistle, dandelion, etc., is a small, 

 dry, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, 

 so like a naked seed that it is 

 generally taken for one by per- 

 sons who are not acquainted with 

 botany. It is the commonest of 

 all fruits, and there are so many 

 kinds that special names have been 

 applied to some of the most marked 

 varieties. The achene of the com- 

 posite family may generally be 



known by the various appendages 



in the form of scales, hooks, hairs, 



or chaff, that crown it (Figs. 137- 



142). This appendage is always 



called a pappus, no matter under 



what form it occurs. It is fre- 



135, 136. Achenes (magni- 

 fied) : 135, of buckwheat; 136, 

 of cinquefoil. 



137 



139 



137-142. Achenes of the composite family (GRAY) : 137, mayweed (no pap- 

 pus) ; 138, chicory (its pappus a shallow cup) ; 139, sunflower (pappus of two 

 deciduous scales); 140, sneezeweed \Helenium), with its pappus of five scales; 

 141, sow thistle, with its pappus of delicate downy hairs; 142, dandelion, tapering 

 below the pappus into a long beak. 



quently deciduous, as in 



the sunflower, and sometimes 

 wanting altogether, as in 

 the mayweed. 



89. Cremocarp is the 



name given to the fruit 

 of the parsley family. 

 I43 , 44 I45 It is merely a sort of 



143-145. Cremocarps, fruits of the parsley double achene attached 



family ' by the inner -faces to a 



slender stalk called the carpophore, or carpel bearer, from 



