ACCESSORY, AGGREGATE. AND COLLECTIVE FRUITS 8 1 



179-181. Sections of accessory 

 fruits of strawberry and black- 

 berry, showing enlarged receptacle 

 (after GRAY): 179, strawberry; 

 180, blackberry; 181, separate 

 drupe of blackberry (magnified). 



the apple and the hip. The accessory part may consist of 

 any organ, but is more frequently 

 the calyx or the receptacle. In 

 the strawberry, the little hard 

 bodies, usually called seeds, that 

 dot the surface, are the true 

 fruits (achenes). A vertical 

 section through the center will 

 show the edible part to consist 

 wholly of the enlarged recep- 

 tacle. In the pineapple, the 

 edible stalk may be traced 

 straight through a mass of 

 flowers whose seed vessels have become enlarged and 

 ripened into fruits. Some accessory fruits, the strawberry 

 and blackberry for example, are, at the same time, 



112. Aggregate, that is, they 

 are composed of a number of 

 separate individual fruits pro- 

 duced from a single flower. 

 The cone of the magnolia and 

 of the wild cucumber are aggre- 

 gate fruits ; can you name any 

 others ? The pineapple, on the 

 other hand, is both an accessory 

 and a 



rj n 



182 183 184 



182-184. Aggregate fruit of 

 magnolia umbrella (after GRAY) : 

 182, ripened cone with a seed hang- 

 ing from a lower dehiscent carpel ; 



113. Collective, or Multiple 



183, vertical section; 184, separate Fruit being composed of the 



follicle. 



ripened seed vessels or ovaries 



of a number of separate flowers that have become more 

 or less coherent. The osage orange, sweet-gum balls, fig, 

 and mulberry are of this class. 



114. Flower Fruits. Compare a section through a fig 

 with those of the hip and calycanthus (Figs. 122, 124). 

 Of what is the part that we call the skin a modification ? 

 Observe that here the receptacle is modified to a greater 



ANDREWS'S BOT. 6 



