Order LEPIDOPTEHA. 



Suborder PAPILIONINA. 



Family PAPILIONID.E. 



Efjy. " Dome-shaped, smooth or obscurely facetted, not as high 

 as wide, somewhat leathery, opaque.'' (Doherty.) 



Larva. Stout, smooth or with a series of fleshy tubercles on the 

 dorsum : sometimes with a raised fleshy protuberance (the so-called 

 hood or crest) on the fourth segment which is also generally 

 thickeued above. The second segment has a transverse opening, out 

 of which the larva can protrude at will an erect, forked, glandular 

 fleshy organ that emits a strong, somewhat pleasant, but always 

 penetrating odour. 



Pupa. Variable in form but superiorly most often curved back- 

 wards, sometimes very strongly so ; angulate, with the head 

 truncate or rounded, often bifid ; back of abdomen smooth or 

 tuberculate. Attached by the tail, normally in a perpendicular 

 position, and further secured by a silken girth round the middle. 



In Parnassius strangely enough the pupa is placed in a loose 

 silken web between leaves. 



Imago. Wings extraordinarily variable in shape. Hind wing 

 very frequently with a tail, which may be slender, or broad and 

 spatulate, but is always an extension of the termen at vein 4. In 

 one genus, Armandia, the termen of the hind wing is prolonged 

 into tails at the apices of veins 2 and 3 as well as at vein 4. Pore 

 wing (except in the aberrant genera Parnassius and Hypermnestra) 

 with all 12 veins present and in addition a short internal vein, 

 vein 1 a, that invariably terminates on the dorsal margin. There 

 is also a short transverse vein present at base of wing between 

 the median vein and vein 1 a in all genera except Leptocircus, 

 Armandia, Parnassius, and Hypermnestra. Hind wing : vein 1 a 

 absent; precostal vein and precostal cell both present; dorsal 

 margin not excavated so as to receive the abdomen, but in the 

 male frequently folded over and studded within the fold with 

 specialized scales (androconia) or hairs that are often strongly 



