PAPILIO. 37 



and occupy fully three-fourths of the dorsal margin and of inter- 

 space 1, they decrease suddenly and considerably in interspaces 2 

 to 5 and lengthen again in the anterior interspaces. Terminal 

 halt' of the wing black, with a superposed postdiscal transverse 

 series of diffuse blue spots and a subterminal series of cream- 

 coloured lunules. Inner margin of the black area irregularly 

 zigzag, an ochraceous-red spot at the tornal angle below the blue 

 postdiscal spot in interspace 1, the base and dorsal margin of 

 wing shaded with black irrorated with yellow scales ; cilia of both 

 fore and hind wing prominently yellow in the interspaces. The 

 depth of the tint of the cream-coloured portions on both fore and 

 hind wings is very variable as is the width of the black areas, 

 especially on the hind wing, also the size of the blue postdiscal 

 spots on the same wing. Underside pale cream-colour. Fore wing: 

 two transverse short bands across cell, another beyond its apex 

 where it borders the discocellulars, a prominent broad transverse 

 discal band and a terminal broad line, black ; the bauds across the 

 cell and beyond its apex more or less diffuse, the discal band 

 with its middle very broadly cream-coloured from interspaces 2 to 7 

 and thickly sprinkled with black scales. Hind wing : the veins 

 and a terminal broad line black, the black on the upperside shows 

 through as an irregular transverse sinuous bluish diseal band thickly 

 sprinkled with black scales and is bordered interiorly and exteriorly 

 by broken transverse black lines, the inner line margined on the 

 outer side by a diffuse blue scaling and on the inner side in inter- 

 spaces 3 and 4 by an ochraceous-red spot : torual spot and cilia of 

 both fore and hind wings as on the upperside. Antenna) black ; 

 head, thorax and abdomen cream-colour ; head, thorax and abdomen 

 above with a black medial streak, narrow in the c? very broad in 

 the $ ; abdomen beneath with narrow lateral ill-defined black lines. 



Rvp. 6 $ 80-110 mm. (3-14-4-33"). 



Hab. Within our limits the N.W. Himalayas from Chitral to 

 Nepal ; extending to Central Asia, and North and West to South 

 Europe and North Africa. 



Larva. " Newly born. Head large, shining, black and hirsute. 

 Body spined, the spines longest on the thorax .... all the spines 

 thickly branched and much swollen at the base. A dorsal white 

 patch on the 7th and 8th segments (on which the spines are also 

 white) ; the rest of the surface ochreous-green. . . . True legs 

 shining black, the claspers dark coloured with light tips." (Harjord.) 

 Adult: spineless; ground-colour very variable, from yellowish green 

 to brilliant green with black transverse markings and lateral 

 orange-yellow spots, the white patch on the 7th and 8th segments 

 much reduced. Food-plants, Fennel (Fceniculum vulgare) and also 

 the flowers not the leaves of Hemlock (Conium maculaium). 



Pupa. Varies in colour from ochraceous grey to pale green. 

 Angular and tuberculated ; head bifid ; thorax humped with its 

 posterior portion flattened. 



Race sikhimensis, Moore (fig. 6 6). This, the dark eastern 

 form of mackcton, is very similar to race sphyrus and on its western 



