PAPILIO. 45 



Hal. Tenasserim ; extending to Siam ; the Malay Peninsula ; 

 Sumatra; Java. 



Larva. " Similar to that of P. erithoniiis (i. e. Papilio demoleus). 

 Anterior segments scutellated, furnished with two tentacular 

 processes on the 2nd segment and two short fleshy processes on 

 the 9th and anal segments." (Moore.) 



Pupa. " Curved abruptly backwards ; head bifid ; thorax with 

 a lengthened curved acute thoracic process." (Moore.) 



Race liomedon, Moore. A slightly differentiated race distin- 

 guishable chiefly by the pale greenish-yellow band that crosses 

 the wings starting from the middle and not from just before the 

 middle of the dorsal margin of the hind wing, also this band is 

 composed entirely of separate spots on the fore wing. 



Exp. 6 $ 110-115 mm. (4-34-4-54"). 



Hab. Southern India. 



A very interesting account of the life-history of this insect is 

 given by Messrs. Davidson and Aitken (I. c.). One of these 

 gentlemen watched a female, P. liomedon, laying its eggs on a 

 tender shoot of a small jungle tree or shrub (Acronycliia lauri- 

 folia). There were " ten eggs, laid one on top of the other." 

 Of the caterpillars which emerged five days after the eggs were 

 laid, " five passed successfully through all dangers and became 

 beautiful specimens, one female and four males. (This is one of 

 the butterflies of which we rarely find females.) All through 

 their lives these Iarva3 continued gregarious, dispersing occa- 

 sionally to feed, but always returning to rest side by side on the 

 upper surface of a leaf. The following dates may be interesting. 

 Eggs laid 2nd August, hatched 7th August; skins cast (and eaten) 

 12th August ; again 17th August ; again 20th to 22nd August. 

 The most advanced cast its skin again on the 28th August, became 

 a pupa on the 2nd of September, and emerged on the 15th of 

 September. The others followed within two days. At first the 

 larvae were of an oily yellow colour and bore many pairs of spiny 

 points, but these disappeared with age and after the last moult 

 there were only the short fleshy processes on the 2nd and last 

 segment which characterise the group, and one additional curved 

 pair on the ninth segment. 



" The colour after the last moult was a clear slaty-blue, 

 changing eventually to a greenish tint, with light brown markings 

 very much the same as those w 7 hich characterise the rest of the 

 group. The pupa was more abruptly bent back from the middle 

 of the thorax than that of P. eritJionius (i. e. P. demoleus) and 

 adorned on the thorax with a sword-shaped horn, -fully three- 

 eighths of an inch long, and always bent either to the right or 

 the left. The colour was brown or green and j'ellow according 

 to situation." 



