116 



PAPILIONIDjE. 



Hob. Sikhina ; Bhutan ; the hills of Assam, Burma and 

 Tenasserim ; extending through the Shan States to Siam. 



The markings are variable in size, and in the c? are in many 

 specimens almost completely absent from, or barely indicated in, 

 the cell of the fore wing. 



Genus PARNASSIUS. 



Parnassius, Lair. Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. xiv, 1805, p. 110. 

 Doritis, pt., Fdbr. in Illiger's Mag. vi, 1807, p. 283. 

 Tadumia, Kailasius, Koramius, Moore, Lcp. Ind. v, 1901-1903, 

 pp. 116, 118, & 120. 



Type, P. apollo, Linn., European. 



Range. Europe, Asia, aud North America at high elevations. 



c? $ . Wings broad, sernidiaphanous ; character of markings 

 very similar throughout the forms. Fore wing : costa very 

 slightly arched, apex broadly rounded; termen very convex; 

 dorsum straight ; cell generally about half length of wing or a 

 little shorter ; upper discocellular short or obsolete, middle con- 

 cave, more than twice length of lower, lower sloped obliquely 



Fig. 31. Anal pouches of fertilized females of Parnassius. 



a. P.jacquemonti. 



b. P. epaphus. 



c. P. hardwickei. 



inwards ; veins 6 and 7 from apex of cell or very close together 

 at base, 8 wanting, 9 out of 7 closer to apex of cell than to apex 

 of wing ; 10 from just before or from apex, or out of 7 from just 

 beyond apex of cell, typically free, but in some forms anastomosed 

 with 11 ; 11 from apical half, of subcostal vein. Hind wing : more 

 or less irregularly pear-shaped ; costal and terminal margins in 

 a continuous curve, apex therefore not well marked ; tornus pro- 

 minent, obtusely angular ; dorsum concave or slightly excavate. 

 Body very hairy; antennae short, robust, about a third of the 

 length of the fore wing ; club stout, gradual ; palpi short, oblique, 

 not adpressed as in Papilio, thickly fringed with hair anteriorly ; 

 eyes smooth. The female after fertilization with an extended 

 corneous anal pouch that varies in shape. 



