PARNASSIUS. 119 



at the extreme base of the wing ; the postdiscal series of black 

 lunules are as on the fore wing, but the lunules are not so well 

 defined and generally separate from one another ; finally there is 

 no distinct hyaline border to the wing, but the cream-white scaling 

 extends to the termen ; termiual black specks to the veins and 

 white cilia as on the fore wing. Underside : shining, with more or 

 less of a glazed appearance; markings much as on the upperside, 

 but indicated as much by those of the upperside which show 

 through as by actual scaling ; in addition on the hind wing there 

 is a subbasal transverse series of four dull crimson spots while the 

 crimson spots beyond are all more or less white-centred. Antennae 

 deep brownish black, rarely with a few white specks on the under- 

 side ; head, thorax and abdomen beneath the covering of white 

 hairs, black. $ . Similar, generally darker with the irroration of 

 black scales more dense ; the crimson spots are often larger and 

 more brilliant. Anal pouch after fertilization " ovally scoop- 

 shaped in front, convex beneath," furnished with a sharp high 

 cariua posteriorly. 



Exp. J $ 66-80 mm. (2-6-3-15"). 



Hob. The Himalayas from Chitral and Kashmir to Kumaon, at 

 elevations from 11,000 to 13,000 feet. 



The above description is taken from as nearly typical specimens 

 as I had access to, but P. jacquemonti is an exceedingly unstable 

 form and varies in size, in shade of ground-colour, in the amount 

 and distribution of the black scaling on the wings, and in the 

 number and size of the red or crimson spots, which may or may not 

 be centred with white. These differences are probably partially 

 seasonal. P. cliitralensis, Moore, is perhaps the most distinct of 

 the varieties, but the genitalia in the d 1 and the anal pouch in 

 the fertilized $ are identical with the same organs in typical spe- 

 cimens of P. jacquemonti (fig. 31 a, p. 116). P. chitralensis, Moore, 

 differs from the typical form as follows: Larger, the ground-colour 

 on the upperside much whiter, the amount of black diffuse scaling 

 on the wings generally much less, the cilia of the wings more or 

 less speckled with black. In many specimens the postdiscal 

 blackish series of lunules on the upperside of the fore wing is 

 very incomplete and does not extend clearly across the wing ; in 

 most the antennte are distinctly ringed with white. 



Exp. c? $ 70-85 mm. (2'75-3'34"). 



Hah. Chitral ; Kashmir. 



Var. impunctata, Austant. " Compared with the typical figure 

 of P. jacquemontii as given by Oberthiir (torn, cit.) this variety is 

 larger in size, equal to delius (i. e. 70 mm.) ; of a very pure opaque 

 white on which the spots and dusky black shadings on the disc of 

 the front wings show up strongly. The maculae of the subterminal 

 band are reduced in size and disjointed especially on the hind 

 wing, where they have a tendency to become obsolete. The two 

 costal spots and the internal spot are not centred with red, there 

 are no carmine markings either at the base of the hind wing or on 



