132 PAPILIONIDJE. 



spot, the latter extends from the costa along the discocellulars 

 almost to the lower apex of cell ; beyond the cell an oblique, 

 short black bar, widened posteriorly and with three superposed 

 red spots, the middle spot minute, sometimes absent ; this is 

 followed by an irregular subterminal black band, widened at the 

 veins, widest near the costa, and gradually narrowed to a faint 

 line posteriorly. In many specimens this band is not extended 

 below vein 5, in others it reaches or almost reaches the tornal 

 angle and is joined in its extension downwards to a prominent 

 black transverse spot in interspace 3. Beyond this band the apex 



Fig. 35. Hyper, nnestra helios. 

 fl. Venation of apex of fore wing. 

 1>. Club of antenna; of Hypermnestra. 

 c. Parnassius. 



is marked with a small diffuse black patch, and the apices of the 

 veins with black spots that are extended inwards to the subter- 

 minal band. Hind wing : base and dorsal margin broadly irrorated 

 with black scales ; a black upper discal and a subcostal spot, both 

 generally centred with red ; a subterminal series of slender black 

 lunules, followed by a terminal row of transversely linear black 

 spots ; the middle and postdiscal areas of the wing darkened bv 

 the markings of the underside that show through by transparency. 

 Cilia of both fore and hind wings white alternated with black. 

 Underside : ground-colour similar. Fore wing : markings as on 

 the upperside, but the cellular spots, the spot in interspace 3 and 

 the short bar beyond apex of cell larger, more intensely black, the 

 red spots on tlie last also larger ; the subterminal and terminal 

 markings paler, more diffuse. Hind wing with basal, median and 

 subterminal broad transverse bands of irrorated black scales, all 

 the bands with their margins uneven and zigzag; the outer margin 

 of the basal band with four transversely placed red spots, and 

 transverse red discal spots edged with black in interspaces 1, 2,. 

 5 and 7 ; the termen margined with a fine, more or less inter- 

 rupted, black line. In a few specimens the red spots are more or 

 less obsolescent. Antennae pale yellowish white, the shafts 

 obscurely ringed with black head, thorax and abdomen black, the 



