170 



as well as on the under side. Underside : the ground-colour at apex 

 of fore and over the whole of the hind wing more strongly suffused 

 with yellow than in the <3 . 



Exp. rf $ 50-58 mm. (1-96-2-3"). 



Hob. Europe and Western Asia. Within our limits in the N.W. 

 Himalayas ; Chitral ; Ladakh ; Kashmir, from 7000 to 12,000 ft. 



Larva. As found in Europe : yellow at first, changing in the 

 adult to green, with a yellow dorsal stripe and lateral yellow 

 spiracular spots, covered all over above with hlack dots that bear 

 each a pale hair. 



Pupa. " Angulated ; variable in colour, chiefly grey or drab of 

 different intensity and freckled with black ; some are dull greenish." 

 (Twtt.) 



590. Pieris brassicae, Linn. (Papilio) Syst. Nat. ed. x, 1758, p. 467 ; 

 Godart, Ettci/cl. Meth. ix, 1819, p. 158; Law/, Butt. Eur. 1884, 

 p. 28, pi. 6', figs. 2 rf $ , pi. 15, figs. 2, larva & pupa ; Elwes, 

 Tram. Ent. Soc. 1888, p. 416 ; Moore (Danaus), Lev. Ind. vi, 

 1904, p. 127, pi. 518, figs. 1, 1 a, rf $ . 



Pieris brassicas, var., Gray, Lep. Ins. Nepal, 1846, p. 6, pi. 6, 

 figs. 1, 3. 



Mancipium nipalense, Moore, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 256 ; Sicinh. (Ganoris) 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 343. 



cT . Upperside : creamy white with a somewhat farinaceous 

 appearance. Fore wing : an irroration of black scales at base 

 and along costa for a short distance ; apex and termen above vein 

 2 more or less broadly black, the inner margin of the black area 

 with a regular even curve ; in one or two specimens a small 

 longitudinally narrow black spot in interspace 3. Hind wing : 

 uniform, irrorated with black scales at base, a large black sub- 

 costal spot before the apex, and in a very few specimens indications 

 of black scaling on the termen anteriorly. 

 Underside, fore wing : white, slightly 

 irrorated with black scales at base of cell 

 and along costa, apex light ochraceous 

 brown ; a large black spot in outer half of 

 interspace 1, and another quadrate black 

 spot at base of interspace 3. Hind wing : 

 light ochraceous brown closely irrorated 

 with minute black scales ; the subcostal 

 black spot before the apex shows through 

 from the upperside. Antennas black, 

 white at apex ; head, thorax and abdomen 

 black, with some white hairs ; beneath : 

 whitish. $ . Upperside : similar to that of 

 the tf but the irroration of black scales 

 at the bases of the wings more extended ; 

 the black area on apex and termen of fore 



Fig. 43. Pieris bramcte. wing broader, its inner margin less evenly 

 curved ; a conspicuous large, black spot in 

 outer half of interspace 1, and another near base of interspace 3. 



