Genus COLIAS. 



Colias*, Fabr. Illig. Mag. vi, 1807, p. 284; Doubleday, Gen. Di. 

 Lep. 1847, p. 72 ; Ehves, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 133 ; Lang, 

 Butt. Eur. 1884, p. 47. 



Type, C. liyale, Linn., European. 



Range. Europe, except the most northern regions; Asia, 

 Northern and Central India, the Himalayas and some of the 

 southern ranges ; Northern Africa and the Nearctic Region. 



<3 $ . Fore wing : costa arched at base, then almost straight 

 to apex ; apex obtuse ; terinen slightly convex ; tornus obtusely 

 angulate ; dorsum straight, about three-fourths the length of the 

 costa ; cell about half length of wing ; vein 6 out of 7 from just 

 before the middle, upper discocellular therefore absent ; middle 

 discocellular short, upright ; lower concave, 

 biangulate, the middle portion slender, nearly 

 obsolete ; vein 8 absent ; vein 9 from apical 

 third of 7 ; vein 10 from apex of basal third 

 of 7 well beyond apex of cell ; vein 11 free, 

 from beyond middle of subcostal. Hind wing : 

 broadly oval; cell more than half length of 

 wing; middle and lower discocellulars oblique, 

 the latter much the longer and irregularly 

 concave, slender in the middle. Antennse 

 Fig. 59. not half length of fore wing, stout ; club 



Colias, venation. gradual but well marked, obtuse at apex ; 

 head clothed with longish hairs in front ; 

 palpi stout, porrect, third joint short ; eyes large and prominent : 

 body moderately stout ; legs with the tarsi long and spiny ; claws 

 little curved, bind, without paronychia or pulvilli. 



Key to the forms of Colias. 



A. Without special sex-marks. 



a. Upperside fore wing : terminal black bor- 

 der traversed by a transverse series of 

 spots, generally of the ground-colour 

 of wing. 



a'. This series of spots incomplete ; spot in 

 interspace 3 absent, or rarely, repre- 

 sented by a mere trace. 

 2 . Upperside : ground-colour lemon- 



yellow. 



a 3 . Expanse over 50 mm. ; irroration 

 of black scales at base of wings 

 on upperside restricted C. liyale (typical), p. 234. 



* Fabricius, in his diagnosis of the genus, placed under it the forms 

 ixtlatno, hyale, glaucippc, rfiamm and cleopatra. Latreille in 1809 chose to 

 consider rhamm as type of Colias, passing over pal<eno and hyalc. In this 

 he has been followed by Scudder and quite recently by Moore. As this seems 

 to me to unnecessarily upset a familiar name long applied to a certain group 

 of insects, I have not followed Latreille and Scudder. 



