FOREST-TREES OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 



western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at an altitude of 5,000 

 to 9,000 feet. The largest trees are over 300 feet high, and over 30 feet 

 in diameter. 



No. 406. Libocedrus decurrens, Torr. Bastard Cedar. California. 

 This is sometimes called Eed Cedar, or Post Cedar. It grows in the 

 Sierras of California, at elevations of from 3,000 to 7,000 feet. It is a 

 handsome tree, of low, conical form, tapering fast; 4 to 6 feet diameter 

 at base ; but only about 100 feet high. The wood is light and strong, 

 and makes excellent cabinet-work, boxes, &c. 



No. 407. Juniperus Virginiana, L. Eed Cedar. Eastern United 

 States. This is the Eed Cedar of the eastern portion of the United 

 States. It grows to the height of 30 or 40 feet, generally with a compact 

 conical form. The timber is exceedingly valuable, being light, fine- 

 grained, compact, and durable. The heart-wood is of a handsome dark- 

 red color. It is used for a great variety of ornamental work, and for 

 fence-posts is almost imperishable. 



No. 408. Juniperus Virginiana,VM.Bermudiana. Pencil Cedar; Florida 

 Cedar. Coast of Florida. This variety, or species, as it is regarded by 

 some, grows on the western coast of Florida. The wood is softer and 

 freer from knots than the common form, and the pencil-manufacturers 

 obtain their cedar wood from this source. 



No. 409. Juniperus Virginiana, var. montana. Eocky Mountain Eed 

 Cedar. Eocky Mountains. A form or variety of Eed Cedar found in 

 Colorado and Utah. " In the Wasatch Mountains, Eastern Utah, this 

 tree grows along the canons containing water throughout the year, and 

 not in dry places. Its form is there quite different from the Eed Cedar 

 in the East, being taller and with a looser and less symmetrical top. The 

 people there say that the wood is not durable, and do not use it for fence- 

 posts, &c., as is done with the eastern variety." 



No. 410. Juniperus occidentalis. Hook. Western Cedar. Rocky 

 Mountains, California, and Oregon. This is undoubtedly the cedar 

 named by Dr. Hooker J. occidentalism It grows on the east side of the 

 Cascade Mountains in Oregon and also in California. It is of slow 

 growth, seldom attaining more than a foot in diameter and 30 feet in 

 height. The wood is nearly all white, and harder than the Eed Cedar. 



No. 411. Juniperus occidentalis, var. Texana. Rock Cedar. Texas and 

 westward. This forms extensive woods on rocky soil in Western Texas. 

 The trunk is sometimes over one foot in diameter, yearly rings eccentric. 

 It branches low, and forms almost impenetrable thickets. It is common 

 fuel and fencing timber in Western Texas. (Lindheimer.) 



No. 412. Juniperus Calif ornicus, Carr. Sweet-fruited Juniper. South- 

 ern California. A cedar growing from San Felipe Canon, in the Cuya- 

 niaca Mountains, Southern California, into Arizona and Mexico. It is 

 a dwarf tree, and is very prolific of berries, which are as large as large 

 peas, of a somewhat resinous but sweet taste. The Indians consume 

 large quantities of them for food. The seeds are large, smooth, and 

 free, one or two in each berry. 



No. 413. Juniperus Calif ornicus, var. Utahense. Western Eed Cedar.- 

 Utah and California. This is the prevailing Cedar of the Wasatch 

 Mountains, and ranging into Nevada and Southern California. In East- 

 ern and Central Utah, this tree covers the slopes and foot-hills at from 

 5,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. It is low and spreading at the base, with a 

 dense pyramidal top, light-green foliage, and large rather woody berries, 

 not so nutritious as those of the preceding kind. The wood is ex- 

 tremely durable, and used for fence-posts. In Southern Utah, the berries 

 are eaten by the Indians. The bark was formerly used by them in 

 manufacturing many articles of clothing. 



