CEKCOPITHECmB. 5 



vol. v. p. 739 (1836), but the genus was not determined. 

 It is figured in ' Falconer's Palseontological Memoirs,' vol. i. 

 pi. xxiv. figs. 1, 2; and has been referred by H. von Meyer, 

 in the passage cited, to Semnopithecus, with the specific 

 name subhimalayanus. This generic reference has been 

 till lately provisionally adopted by the present writer 1 . 



The small size of the canine shows that the specimen 

 belongs to a female individual, while the horizontal flat- 

 tening of the infraorbital portion of the maxilla, the nearly 

 horizontal and elongated inferior border of the orbit, the 

 forward position of the cheek-teeth relatively to the orbit, 

 and the general " prognathism," conclusively show that 

 it belongs to a species of Cynocephalus 2 . This identifica- 

 tion is confirmed by the character of the molars, which 

 are of relatively large size, and have their inner cusps, or 

 columns, expanded antero-posteriorly, so as to partially 

 block the median transverse valleys 3 : in both these respects 

 these teeth diifer from the molars of Semnopithecus , Ger- 

 copithecus, Macacus^ &c. The writer has been unable to 

 compare the specimen with female skulls of all the species 

 of the genus. The general contour is not unlike that of 

 Cynocephalus babouin; but the lateral surface of the 

 maxilla is convex instead of concave ; and the teeth are 

 of considerably larger size. In respect of the form of the 

 maxilla, the female of C. anubis comes nearer to the fossil. 

 The space occupied by the five cheek-teeth is the same as 

 in a full- sized male of C. porcarius, but the true molars 

 of the fossil are considerably wider. The males of the 

 fossil species were probably considerably larger than any 

 of the existing species. In the absence of a complete 

 series of female skulls of the various existing species, the 

 affinities of the fossil cannot be further indicated 4 . 



Presented by Generals Sir W. E. Baker, K.C.B., 

 and Sir H. M. Durand, K.C.B., 1848. 



1 The specimen is referred to Cynocephalus in the ' Palaeontologia Indica,' 

 ser. 10, vol. iii. p. 123 (1884). 



2 The latter features are shown in the figures ; the perforation in the lateral 

 wall of the maxilla is accidental. 



3 Well shown in the figures. 



4 It may be observed that the maxilla of a large Siwalik ape ha8 been de- 

 scribed and figured by the writer (Eec. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. xii. p. 33) under 

 the name of Pal&opithecus sivalensis ; the molars of this species are, however, 

 like those of the living Anthropoid apes. 



