156 CARNIVORA. 



37348. Cast of the right ramus of the mandible. The original of 

 this specimen was obtained from the Middle Miocene of 

 Monte Bainboli, Tuscany, and is believed to be preserved 

 in the Museum at Pisa. The specimen contains the 

 canine, the third and fourth premolars, and the three true 

 molars. It is described and figured by Meneghini in the 

 Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. vol. iv. p. 18, pi. ii. A (1863), 

 under the name of Amphicyon laurillardi. P. Gervais 

 has, however, in the ' Zoologie et Paleontologie Generales,' 

 ser. 2, p. 22 (1876), referred it to Hycenarctos. The 

 teeth agree exactly with those of that genus, the carnas- 

 sial being of the same form as that of H. palceindicus ; 

 but pmTi is relatively larger and pm . 3 inserted by one 

 fang, as in H. punjabiensis. The Italian jaw is, how- 

 ever, greatly inferior in size to either of the three Indian 

 species. The fourth premolar is a characteristic tooth, 

 and wants the cusps which occur on the posterior border 

 in AmpTiicyon and Canis. 



It is possible that this specimen really belongs to a new 

 species of Hycenarctos but it is also possible that it may 

 belong to Dinocyon, since the upper jaw figured by P. Ger- 

 vais in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. pi. Ixxxi. 

 figs. 8, 9, under the name of Hycenarctos hemicyon, has been 

 shown by the present writer, in the ' Palaeontologia Indica/ 

 ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 202, to probably belong to Dinocyon ; 

 and the Italian jaw indicates an animal of about the same 

 size. Unfortunately, pm. 4 of Dinocyon hemicyon is un- 

 known ; and until that tooth be discovered it is impossible 

 to say whether the present specimen may not have 

 belonged to that genus or species. Purchased, 1863. 



Hyaenarctos, sp. 

 Hob. China. 



28588. The second right lower true molar, in a partially worn 

 (Fig.) condition ; from the Pliocene (?) of South China. This 

 specimen (woodcut, fig. 23) agrees exactly in size and 

 general contour with the corresponding tooth of H. punja- 

 biensis ; the cusps and ridges are, however, somewhat less 

 prominent, and the central depression on the posterior 

 half is flatter. The specimen is insufficient for determining 

 whether the species to which it belongs is distinct from one 

 of the Siwalik species ; but the occurrence of the genus in 

 China (assuming that the tooth was not imported into 



