174 TOGtTtATA. 



Elephas armeniacus, Falconer '. 



Syn. Euekphas armeniacus, auct. 



This species is definitely known only by the following specimens, 

 which belong to an animal of very large size. The structure of the 

 molars indicates a species intermediate between E. primigenius and 

 E. indicus, which is probably an ancestral form closely connected 

 with both 2 . The crowns of the molars are extremely wide, the ridges 

 approximated, with their extremities curving backwards, the enamel 

 is moderately thick and much plicated, and the wear of the crown 

 irregular. In their great width these teeth agree with those of 

 E. primigenius, but in the other characters with those of E. indicus 3 . 



Sab. Armenia. It is stated in ' Falconer's Palaeontological Me- 

 moirs,' vol. ii. pp. 249, 250, that Falconer was inclined to refer 

 certain Italian and Sicilian molars to the present species. A molar 

 from China identified by Busk 4 with this species is referred in this 

 Catalogue (p. 169) to E. namadicus. All the following specimens 

 appear to have belonged to the same individual. 



32250-1. The associated right and left third upper true molars ; 



(Fiy.) from Kanus, Erzerum, Armenia, their geological age being 

 unknown 5 . These and the following specimens are the 

 types of the species. They are described by Falconer in 

 the Nat. Hist. Rev.' 1863, p. 75, the left tooth being 

 figured in pi. ii. fig. 2 of the same memoir ; and also in 

 ' Falconer's Palaeontological Memoirs,' vol. ii. pp. 247-284, 

 pi. x. fig. 3. Presented by Col J. M. Giels, 1855. 



32252. The anterior portion of the third (?) lower true molar; 



from Kanus. Noticed by Falconer, loc. tit. 



Presented by Col. J. M. Giels, 1855. 



32256. Part of the outer lamina of an incisor ; from Kanus. This 



specimen is of enormous size ; noticed by Falconer, Joe. cit. 



Presented by Col. J. M. Giels, 1855. 



32254. Head of a humerus ; from Kanus. 



Presented by Col. J. M. Giels, 1855. 



32253. Fragment of the shaft of a tibia ; from Kanus. 



Presented by Col. J. M. Giels, 1855. 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiii., table facing p. 319 (1857). 



2 Ibid. vol. xlii. p. 174 (1886). 



3 See Leith-Adams, 'British Fossil Elephants' (Mon. Pal. Soc.), p. 241. 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxiv. p. 498 (1868). 



* Ibid. vol. xlii. p. 174. 



