THE LIVING STRUCTURES 155 



sions, pleasures, pains, irritations or associations." You 

 will see then that all living structures are caused by rea- 

 son of the desires of the parties who construct them, 

 which desires arise from the wants and necessities of the 

 parties. The desires will be likely limited to that party's 

 experience or knowledge. Every action in life is traceable 

 to an. effort to adjust and adapt itself to meet conditions 

 and external forces. 



Professor Haeckel, the great German biologist states, 

 "Cells are grouped together as builders or sculptors 

 because they alone in reality build the organism." Still 

 Mr. Haeckel claims that the actions of the cells are caused 

 by merely chemical and mechanical forces, that they are 

 not intelligent beings. It seems absurd to me to claim 

 that the living beings who are the sculptors and builders 

 of all living structures have no intelligence. It is simply 

 unthinkable. 



In reference to the general course of development of 

 animals he states : "For example from the fact that the 

 human egg is a simple cell, we may at once infer that 

 there has been at a very remote time a unicellular ances- 

 tor of the human race, resembling the amoeba. Again 

 from the fact that the human embryo originally consists 

 merely of two simple germ layers we may at once safely 

 infer that a very ancient ancestral form is represented by 

 the two layered gastraea. A later embryo form of the 

 human being points with equal certainty to a primitive 

 worm like ancestral form, which is related to the sea- 

 squirts or ascidians of the present day. 



"If we go back to still earlier stages of development we 

 are unable even to discover any distinction between the 

 embryos of these higher vertebrates and those of the 

 lower, such as the amphibia and fishes. Finally if we go 

 still further back to the construction of the body from 



