INTELLIGENCE OF THE CELL 235 



an animal, the recognized organ of whose intelligence 

 and will has been removed." 



This instance and many similar show that will and 

 intelligence are everywhere in the body, and that the 

 brain is not the only place where it is found. The brain 

 cells have been removed, but as all cells of the body are 

 thinkers and intelligent, other cells take their place and 

 give orders. 



And as I said before it requires intelligence to obey 

 instructions promptly, as well as to give instructions. 

 The cells that contracted the frog's muscles and lifted the 

 foot to the right spot and moved it from place to place, 

 so as to remove the acid, required just as much intelli- 

 gence as the cells that ordered the muscles to do it. It 

 required knowledge, skill and intelligent execution, to be 

 effective. I do not see how a more conclusive test could 

 be made. These actions will also take place in other 

 animals with the head removed. Think of the hundreds 

 and thousands of cells involved in the act of lifting the 

 leg and making it rub off the acid. So I claim that each 

 and all of the cells of the body are possessed of intelli- 

 gence just as the original cell which started the con- 

 struction of the body. 



Under our discussion in a previous chapter of what life 

 really is, we found that it is not any of the chemical or 

 physical forces that we are acquainted with at the present 

 time, but that the life force is in the being we call a cell ; 

 that this life force distinguishes itself from all other 

 forces in this, that it is able to direct and make use of the 

 other forces in nature, like electricity, gravitation, the 

 movements of water and wind, heat, cold, light and the 

 different kinds of chemical action. Certain kinds of cells 

 that are produced by the clover-plant understand how to 

 extract the nitrogen from the air and store it away for 



