244 CELL INTELLIGENCE THE CAUSE OP EVOLUTION 



form cell-communities and tissues, and are in turn modi- 

 fied in the divers organs in the division of labor." 



He states that the complicated modern state with 

 its remarkable achievements may be regarded as the 

 highest state of individual perfection which is known to 

 us in organic nature," and he compares the social achieve- 

 ments of man with those of the cell, and in fact arising 

 from the cell. The social life lived in a plant or animal 

 compels us to recognize among the cells a spiritual com- 

 munication, similar to our own. A fair consideration of 

 these facts compels us to admit that the cell has the same 

 intellectual capacity as man. 



The remarkable harmony and unity of action, the ex- 

 traordinary division of labor, the regularity with which 

 one group of workers will take the place of another, con- 

 vinces me that there is no difference in their intelligence. 



Many plants, if not all of them, can both see, feel and 

 hear. I do not mean that they can do so to the extent that 

 we can, nor is it necessary for their existence that they 

 should. There has been a great amount of investigation, 

 of late, in regard to the question of the existence of a will 

 and consciousness in all plants. Some time ago the fol- 

 lowing appeared in Current Opinion : 



"Only within recent years has- systematic observation 

 been made of the results consequent upon the division 

 into two sexes of the conspicuous forms of plant life. 



"They have eyes which see (to follow the elucidation 

 of Royal Dixon, a student, of what he deems the human 

 side of plants), they have mouths with which they eat and 

 stomachs to digest their food in. The stomachs of plants 

 are in the form of leaves ; but they subserve the purpose. 

 Plants have lungs with which they breathe and they 

 actually drink water. They are organisms, and because 



