CAUSE OF HEREDITY 311 



"Nor are our instincts the only characters transmitted 

 through individuals that do not possess them. The same 

 thing happens with regard to very striking physical char- 

 acters. The soldier ant in a case of true ants is an exam- 

 ple. The soldier ants are neuters and in them the head is 

 greatly enlarged as also are the mandibles. Various 

 parts of the body coverings are modified and serve the 

 purpose of defense. In fact, the soldiers of the colony 

 are so different from their parents, the males and queens, 

 that the untrained observer would class them as belong- 

 ing to a different family." 



Now it is in this case perfectly clear that like does not 

 always produce like and that the males and females pro- 

 duce animals that are not only unlike themselves in size 

 and general appearance but unlike in their ways and 

 habits. The workers and soldiers produce no offspring, 

 so their characters cannot be transmitted to posterity 

 through heredity in the sense in which it is generally un- 

 derstood and which with the evolutionist is the cause of 

 species. There cannot be any more of a mystery in this 

 case than in the case of the development of a plant or 

 animal from one single cell. The individual that is hung 

 up under the ceiling and used by the others as a storage 

 tank for honey surely cannot transmit any of his form 

 and characters to his heirs or posterity, as he never has 

 any nor is it intended that he should. From our point 

 of view it would seem cruel punishment to be suspended 

 under the ceiling and treated in this manner, but when 

 we consider it rightly from the standpoint of the builder, 

 the cell, and that someone must be in charge of the 

 food, we can see that the individual cells which together 

 make up this storage tank for honey are alloted just as 

 easy work as any of the others. Someone must be in 

 charge and take care of the honey, for many kinds of sin- 



