INSTINCTIVE, EMOTIONAL AND REFLEX ACTION 327 



the different complicated movements of these structures 

 and they know how to direct the work for which they 

 were made. They know how to adjust the tension of 

 vocal cords so as to make a noise when the air is applied. 



A kitten that has never had his eyes open, or ever had 

 any experience with a dog or a man, will show all the 

 symptoms of terror and fright if placed near a dog. How 

 does he know that dogs are dangerous, not having had 

 any experience with them? 



We say that instinct tells him. That is not true. In- 

 stinct is but a word expressing certain kinds of actions. 

 Some one must tell the kitten and direct the kitten in its 

 actions. Who is this some one? It is the builder of the 

 kitten. 



If the English ship should meet a German submarine 

 in its first trip out at sea, it would act just like the kitten ; 

 although the ship had never met a German submarine be- 

 fore, it knew what to do because it had a crew in charge 

 directing its actions who well knew that it was a dan- 

 gerous enemy to the English ship. 



When you consider who is in charge and directs the 

 actions of the kitten, they are no more of a mystery than 

 are the actions of the English ship, showing signs of 

 fright upon the approach of the German submarine. Ex- 

 periences of the past thousand years with the dog has 

 taught the cells that he is a dangerous enemy. 



We gave a name to this unknown cause and called it 

 instinct, nature, providence or destiny but we know the 

 cause of these instinctive, emotional and reflex actions, 

 and all these actions go to prove that the cell is an intelli- 

 gent being. 



A text book on physiology describes the body in the 

 following language : "The human body viewed from a 



