334 CELL INTELLIGENCE THE CAUSE OF EVOLUTION 



the habits will completely change. She will find out that 

 the perpetual summer will always' provide honey in 

 abundance and she will be content to live from day to 

 day and just gather enough for each day's consumption. 

 The same experience has been observed in man ; neither 

 man nor bee will hustle and store up provisions for the 

 future unless compelled to do so. The cells, in the brain 

 of the bee and man direct similar actions. 



Coming back to the different kinds of instinctive ac- 

 tions of animals and insects, I think that protective color- 

 ation is the most interesting and significant. I quote the 

 following from Mr. Loeb's Mechanistic Theory of Life: 



"That vision is based on the formation of an image in 

 the brain, is supported by a group of facts. Sumner has 

 shown that certain fishes are able to reproduce on their 

 skin rather complicated patterns, to-wit : a chess board, 

 which forms the bottom of the aquarium. Panchet many 

 years ago showed that the adaptation of fishes to the 

 ground ceases as soon as their eyes are removed or as 

 soon as the formation of retinal images is prevented 

 through the turbidity of the refractive media of the eye. 

 This fact proves that the so-called adaptation of fishes 

 to their surroundings is only the transmission of the 

 retinal image to the skin. 



"It has been shown that the destruction of the optic 

 fibers and the optic ganglia in the brain acts like the 

 extirpation of the eyes and finally it has been proven that 

 the *cu*ting of the sympathetic fibers which go to the 

 pigment cells of the skin also prevents the formation of 

 the picture of the ground on the skin. 



"Hence, we know the path by which the retinal image 

 is transferred to the skin of fishes. The mechanism and 

 conditions for the change in coloration was made clear 

 by the investigations of Keeble &, Gamble on the color 



