INSTINCTIVE, EMOTIONAL AND IlEFLEX ACTION 353 



which makes the body or organs or instruments of the 

 body, and the human industry which makes a building 

 and machines, similar but on a larger scale? We have 

 called the intelligence of animals instinct, but, as I have 

 stated before, a number of scientists of late have admitted 

 that the instinctive acts of animals are intelligent acts. 



The cell that directs the involuntary actions of organs 

 inside of the body sometimes directs the voluntary acts 

 outside of the body. In the work of the cell as well as 

 in the work of man, there is a relation of the parts to the 

 whole and also a method by which the part or the whole 

 is to be used in a machine or structure made by man, as 

 well as in a machine or structure made by the cell. Like 

 a plant or animal, each part has a meaning or place in the 

 general idea or scheme of the whole machine or struc- 

 ture. Every part has its place in the whole machine. 



The periscope is an instrument with which the sub- 

 marine can see. We may liken it to the human eye. 

 These are, however, mere instruments back of the peri- 

 scope, while back of the eyes are the individuals whose 

 intellect must judge and decide and direct the actions of 

 the individual, be it man or submarine. In each case the 

 purpose of the instrument is the same. The eye could 

 see nothing without the cells in the brain to receive and 

 interpret the pictures transmitted. Nor could the peri- 

 scope see anything without man, its builder, who is there 

 to receive and interpret. All the organs of our body are 

 instruments put together like a machine for a purpose, 

 each part made to fit in and work in harmony with every 

 other part. You see the cell, like man, is a skilled artist 

 that pre-arranges each and every part of the whole. We 

 see with our eyes how the cell attends to all the details 

 of maintaining the body in proper repair. We know that 

 to do so requires about the same skill and intellect as to 



