CAUSE OF EVOLUTION 373 



and their civilization, their laws and their habits, more 

 than 2000 years ago. With scientific exactness and from 

 his day to our day in which such men as Darwin and 

 Buchner have studied the planning, lawgiving insect 

 kingdom, there has been in all probability no change 

 whatever in their lives. Long before man had cities or 

 villages, the bees and ants had their great nation. Thou- 

 sands of years ago they knew all that they know now 

 and they probably know now all that they ever can know. 

 So, at least, it seems to us bigger creatures who study 

 them. They are our superiors in proportion to their 

 strength, but we are still developing, and therein lies our 

 hope." 



What is here said of the bees and ants, of their high 

 state of civilization, organization and co-operation, can 

 also be said of the cell, who builds the bees and ants. For 

 thousands and thousands of years before the bees and 

 ants and man had dreamed of civilization or settled in 

 great communities, the cells were working out their prob- 

 lems of co-operation, organization, defense and attack. 

 We can trace the gradual social evolution and progress in 

 the cell, the bee and man. I do not see that the size of the 

 things produced can have anything to do with the intelli- 

 gence required to produce them. It is just as difficult to 

 design and make a good watch as it is to plan and build a 

 threshing machine. It must be just as difficult to design 

 and arrange a structure made of atoms, molecules or 

 grains of sand as one made of bars of iron, stone or brick. 

 It is now well known that the cells lining the stomach 

 and intestines stick out their hands and grab those par- 

 ticles of food and building material that are required. 

 They select and choose what is wanted and leave the other 

 alone. As the food and other material is selected, it is 

 handed on to the lymph cells, who carry it to the places 



