CAUSE OF EVOLUTION 395 



always produce the same result and will always follow 

 fixed laws. We know that back of all those things we 

 see like houses, factories, ships and railroads, is the in- 

 telligence of man. We see the cell build analogous pur- 

 posive structures we call plants and animals, and we are 

 compelled to say that back of them is the intelligence of 

 the cell. If it is necessary in one it is also necessary in 

 the other. We are not able to say or explain the cause of 

 intelligence in the cell any more than we can explain the 

 cause of electricity and gravity. However, we know that 

 its existence is a fact. We know it is intelligence that 

 guides the actions of man, animal and cells just as we 

 know it is gravitation which guides the stone towards 

 the ground. We find that it is the same force in all 

 places which guides them in their acts, just as it is the 

 same force that pulls all objects toward the ground. We 

 find that the hydra can be turned inside out without per- 

 ceptibly injuring the animal and that in that case the cells 

 will change work. The outside skin layer of cells, which 

 before did all the respiratory work, will now do all the 

 digesting, and all the inside layer of skin cells will do all 

 the breathing or respiratory work. What does it prove? 

 Simply this, that the cells are intelligent, they know 

 what their duty is and what must be done and know how 

 to do the right thing at the right time under all circum- 

 stances. In the larvae of the dragon-fly and a number of 

 other insects, the alimentary canal respires, digests and 

 excretes. It might seem singular that the stomach cell 

 can do all these different kinds of work, but when we 

 consider that the larvae or insect is simply a colony of 

 individuals who work for themselves and do whatever 

 is necessary to perpetuate and protect their colony, it is 

 only what we may reasonably expect. One will take 



