CONTENTS 



CHAPTER I. PAGE 



Introduction 1 



The History of the Cell Theory 2 



The History of the Protoplasmic Theory 6 



Literature 9 



CHAPTER II. 



THE CHEMICO-PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CELL . 11 



I. The Chemico-physical and Morphological Properties of the Proto- 



plasm 11 



(a) Justification of the Use of the Term Protoplasm ... 12 



(b) General Characteristics of Protoplasm 13 



(c) Chemical Composition of Protoplasm 15 



(d) The more minute Structure of Protoplasm .... 18 



(e) Uniformity of Protoplasm. Diversity of the Cell ... 26 

 (/) Various examples of the Structure of the Cell-body . . 27 



1. Cells consisting almost entirely of Protoplasm . . 27 



2. Cells which contain several different substances in 



their Protoplasm 31 



II. The Chemico-physical and Morphological Properties of the Nucleus 30 



(a) The form, size and number of Nuclei 37 



(b) Nuclear Substance 40 



(c) The Structure of the Nucleus. Examples of its various 



Properties . ........ 45 



III. Are there Elementary Organisms existing without Nuclei ? . . 54 



IV. ') he Central or Pole Corpuscles of the Cell 55 



V. Upon the Molecular Structure of Organised Bodies ... 58 



Literature 61 



CHAPTER III. 



TUB VITAL PROPERTIES OF THE CELL 65 



The Phenomena of Movement 65 



I. Protoplasmic Movements ........ 66 



(a) The Movements of naked Protoplasm 66 



(b) The Movements of Protoplasm inside the Cell-Membrane . 71 



(c) Theories concerning Protoplasmic Movements ... 73 



