INTBODUCTION. 5 



are not visible from above, being covered by the clypeus, and are 

 short, stout, and simple in form. The maxillae are strong biting 

 organs furnished with a number of sharp teeth or cutting blades. 

 The labium is solid and strongly chitinised. The clypeus is 

 generally well-developed, with rounded and upturned edge, but 

 in a few cases it is produced into a narrow snout, as in Tropior- 

 rhynchus, Khinyptia and Adorrliinyptia. The eyes are often rather 

 large, and in many of the ADORKTINI and some species of Anomala 

 (probably nocturnal in their habits) they are very large indeed, 

 especially in the males. The antennae consist of 10, or in a great 

 many cases of 9 joints, with a club of invariably three joints of 

 equal size. 



The head, prothorax, and hind-body are very closely fitted 

 together, the first deeply sunk into the second, and the base of 

 the pronotum generally having either an emarginatiou corre- 

 sponding to the front of the scutellum (e. g. Popillia) or a slight 

 lobe by which the latter is more or less overlapped. In the- 

 Oriental HUTELINJE the scutellum is never of very large size, as in 

 some American genera. 



Legs. The legs are formed as in the DYNASTIN^. The front 

 coxae are very prominent and contiguous, but the prosternum may 

 be elevated behind them, and in the genus Mimela the process so- 

 formed is bent forward at a right angle, hiding the junction and 

 appearing as though interposed between them. The middle coxae 

 are usually also in contact, but in some- species of various genera 

 (Anomala, Mimela, Parastasia, etc.) the mesosternum is produced 

 between them, sometimes forming a long pointed process. Although 

 the difference in the configuration of the lo \versurf ace of the body 

 according as such a process is present or absent appears consider- 

 able, the form of the mesosternum seems to have little real 

 significance from the point of view of classification, being found 

 in all degrees of development in species closely related, while a 

 process of practically identical form may appear independently in 

 widely separated genera, as it appears also in the CETONIINJE and 

 MELOLONTHIN^E. 



The femora undergo no important changes of form. Occasion- 

 ally the hind femur of the male bears a tooth at its posterior 

 edge, but this occurs only in one Indian species known to me, 

 viz. Anomala armata. Sometimes also the hind trochanters are 

 produced in the form of spines (Tropiorrhynclius podagricus and 

 Anomala troclumterica}. In certain American genera belonging 

 to different groups of KTJTELINJS (Macraspis, Geniates) the femora 

 bear well-developed organs for producing sound by rubbing against 

 the sides of the body, but nothing of the kind has been found in 

 any Oriental representative, or indeed in any part of the world 

 except Tropical America. 



The front tibia is armed at its outer edge with one, two, or 

 three teeth, but there are never more than three, although in 

 some species of Adoretus the upper part is finely serrated above 

 the teeth or even between them. The single articulated spine 



