C COMMERCIAL BOTANY. 



1867. About this time attention began to be directed by the Indian 

 Government to the introduction and cultivation of Ipeca- 

 cuanha in India. 

 Roffia (Raphia P.uffia) introduced for tying plants about thia 



time. 



Betel nuts (Areea Catechu) first used in medicine. 

 1868. Botanical source of Zanzibar Anime determined. 

 18G9. Sumbul plant (Ferula Sumbul) discovered in Samarkand. 



Coffee plantations attacked in Ceylon by Jlemileia vastatrix, 

 1870. Jalap (Iponuea purga) first cultivated in India. 

 Strophanthus first brought to notice. 

 Telfairca occidentalis seeds first received at Liverpool as oil 



seeds. 



Ispaghul (Plantago ovata or Ispaghula) introduced. 

 Quantities of red cinchona bark from Darjiling arrive in the 



London market. 

 1871. Cundurango (Afarsdenia cundurango) introduced for the cure of 



cancer. 



1873. Para rubber plants (Hevea brasillensis) introduced to India. 

 Pituri (Duboisia Hopwoodi) introduced to medicine. 

 Rheum officlnale introduced to cultivation in this country. 

 Mahogany (Swietenia Mahagoni) introduced for cultivation in 



India. 

 Experiments made at Chatham with a paint prepared with 



Euphorbia juice. 



1874. Cinnamodendron cortlcosum flowered for the first time in Eng- 

 land at Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park. 

 Coca (Erythroxylon Coca) first brought prominently to notice 



in this country. 



Goa powder (Andira Araroba), Jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennati- 

 foliits), Boldo (Peumits Boldus), and Damiana ( Turnera dif- 

 fusa) introduced to medicine. 



Liberian coffee (Coffea liberica) introduced for cultivation in 

 Jamaica, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Dominica, Mont- 

 serrat, New Granada, Rio de Janeiro, Mauritius, Natal, 

 Ceylon, East Indies, and Java. 

 1875. Paper first made from Bamboo. 



Algaroba (Ctesalpinia brevifolia) introduced for tanning. 

 Sumbul plant flowered at Moscow, and scientific name deter- 

 mined. 



Seeds of Central American rubber plants (Castiloa) collected 

 for transmission to India. 



