62 COMMERCIAL BOTANY. 



other under the superintendence of Mr. Richard Spruce, 

 an assiduous botanical collector, who had up to that time 

 done much towards the elucidation of Brazilian botany, and 

 who was then residing in New Grenada. In this work, 

 Mr. Robert Cross, at that time employed in the Royal 

 Gardens, Kew, was associated with Mr. Spruce, and to 

 these three gentlemen is due the successful introduction of 

 the cinchona plant into India. The energy and zeal shown 

 by Mr. Cross in this and in subsequent expeditions has 

 been commented upon in the literature of the subject, a 

 considerable share of the success of the whole scheme being 

 due to his knowledge and persevei-ance. Mr. Cross has 

 since made several expeditions, under orders of the Indian 

 Government, to the different Andean regions to obtain 

 plants of such species of cinchona which are known to be 

 richest in quinine ; the plants being brought home and 

 then transmitted to India under Mr. Cross's own personal 

 care, and the results of all his expeditions have been 

 eminently successful. 



Referring to the reports on Mr. Markham's expedition, 

 Sir W. J. Hooker in his " Report on the Progress and 

 Condition of the Royal Gardens at Kew during the year 

 1863" says, "Mr. Markham informs me that in the 

 nurseries on the sites selected by him on the Nilghiri Hills 

 only three years ago, there were on the 1st December last 

 259,396 plants, of which 66,622 were planted out ; that the 

 tallest plant is nearly 10 feet high ; that two plants of 

 C. succirubra are in full flower; and, further, that 6,562 

 plants have been distributed to private individuals. 



" The bark from some plants has been analysed by J. 

 E. Howard, Esq., and the results have been entirely satis- 

 factory. 



" In the Darjeeling plantations, Himalaya, under the 

 superintendence of Dr. Anderson, there are 8,000 plants ; 

 and private applications for plants have already been 



