116 COMMERCIAL BOTANY. 



and Tolu, were, fifty years ago, considered to be the produce 

 of the same tree, Tolu being the resin hardened by exposure. 

 It has, of course, been known now for some time that 

 Balsam of Peru is the produce of Toluifera Pereirce, native 

 of San Salvador, Central America, while Balsam of Tolu is 

 furnished by Toluifera fialsamum, a native of Venezuela 

 and New Granada. Under the trade names of ANIME or 

 COPAL several kinds of hard fossil resin have long been 

 known in commerce, partly derived from Africa, and partly 

 from the East. The sources of these gums, which were then, 

 as now, used exclusively in the manufacture of varnishes, 

 were for a long time quite unknown. Indeed, the most 

 valuable resin namely, that known as Anime was until 

 comparatively recent times supposed to be the produce of 

 India, being shipped to this country from Bombay. It is, 

 however, now known to be furnished by Trachylobium 

 verrucosum, a leguminous tree of Zanzibar, the resin 

 being shipped thence to Bombay, and from Bombay to 

 England. The clearing up of this interesting point in 

 Economic Botany is due to Sir John Kirk, British Resident 

 at Zanzibar, who communicated a paper on the subject to 

 the Linnean Society in 1868, and sent full herbarium speci- 

 mens of the plant to Kew, as well as a fine series of gum 

 specimens. Seeds of the tree have since then been intro- 

 duced into India and Australia. 



The best Anime is that which is dug from the ground 

 near the roots of the trees, or where the trees once stood, 

 but have now disappeared. Regarding the export of Anime 

 from Zanzibar, Sir John Kirk says it sometimes reaches 

 800,000 pounds, of the value of 60,000. 



What promised to be a very important source of Copal 

 was made known in 1883, when the British Consul at 

 Mozambique reported the discovery at Inhambane of a tract 

 of Copal forest fully 200 miles long. Samples of this new 

 fossil Copal or Ajiirae were sent to England, and upon 



