8o 



DIVERGENCE AND PARALLELISM 



organisation independently along different lines 

 of descent, the points in which they resemble 

 each other giving no indication of genetic affinity 

 nor even of bionomical association. 



The general resemblances cited above relate 



FIG. 5. Parallelism with convergence amongst mammals. 



M = Marsupials ; P = Placentals. 



This phenomenon was observed by Cuvier and by Owen. The 

 habits which lie at the base of the convergence in each case are 

 indicated by the numbers : 



1. Carnivorous. 



2. Ant-eating (myrmecophagous). 



3. Flying. 



4. Swimming. 



5. Burrowing (large-eyed forms). 



6. Burrowing (small-eyed forms). 



