74 



The Country House 



low, it can be inserted above the arch. The spring of the arch is its point of 

 beginning on the piers. 



Stone sills are either "lug" or "slip" sills. The former is built into the wall 

 at either end, the built-in portions being called the "lugs." The slip sill, having no 



Ttaniom Aihlar - Quarry -fact. 



IT 



Rubbl* . 



1 I 



_U_L 



J_L 



i i i i 



Courstd Aihlar - tinned -face . 



/it*n*f mi/trui of tntAtrmf #iin mtrt/t 



Fig. 9. Several types of stone wall 



.ugs, is only as long as the width of the opening, and is slipped into place after the 

 opening is finished. This sill is generally used for basement windows where no 

 other brick walls exist. 



Care should be taken that the course of brick under the lug sill be not 

 inserted until after the wall has settled and the mortar is thoroughly dry and hard, 

 otherwise the sill is apt to be broken. If this course be laid up solidly at first, 

 the settlement of the walls at the side of the opening, which is greater than the 

 portion under the sill owing to the unequal distribution of weight, is very apt to 

 force the lugs down while the central portion remains practically normal. The 

 result is obvious. Sometimes it is merely the mortar joints between the sill and 

 brick work that is omitted; while this is effective, the other method is perhaps safer. 



Although the stone facing is subject to a variety of forms and treatment, we 

 shall consider only those commonly used in the country house (for illustrations 

 see Fig. 9). 



Random work is composed of stone of various sizes and shapes, laid with an 

 eye only to good bondage and effect, and regardless of courses. Its face may be 

 irregular and rounding, as in field stones; or more even, as in the case of slate. 

 The joints should be well filled with mortar and "weathered," or pitched, so that 

 water shall not enter the wall. 



Stones used in rubble work are approximately rectangular. They may 

 be laid "random," without reference to courses, or in courses of varying 

 heights. 



The stones used in ashlar are cut in rectangular shape and the outside edges, 



