130 



The Country House 



be included in the motive, and should be enclosed in a brick wall, with a fireproof 

 door opening into the cellar and an exit into the open air. An alternative is 

 shown in Fig. 23. This will take a little more room than the ordinary effort, 

 but in a large outlay, where it would add materially to the general safety, the 

 extra room would not be missed. It consists of two adjoining and practically in- 

 dependent wells, connected only by fireproof doors. The staircases alternate 

 from one well to the other on the successive stories, and in this way cut off one 

 floor from another. The fireproof door mentioned should be of the pattern de- 

 scribed under that head. 



Back plastering is applied to the inside of the outside boarding in a wooden 

 wall. The best method is to furr out with lath placed in the angles formed by 

 the studs and boarding, and lath and rough plaster on this. Thus a clinch is 

 secured for the plastering. This should all be done after the laying of brick 

 fire stops. 



Metal lathing should be used in preference to wood, especially on the 

 cellar ceiling, chimney breasts, the under side of stairs and about the staircase. If 

 applied to wood furring, it should be held in place by staples. Metal lathing 

 should also be used wherever a furnace pipe or other heating pipes pass through 

 the partition. 



Doors made of white pine and covered with tin on both sides, over which 

 veneering is applied, are almost fireproof. The door frame should be covered in 



like manner. The above will stand 

 more than the iron door. For rougher 

 work a door covered with tin, without 

 the veneering, will answer. 



In addition to the usual fire stop 

 in wooden walls, the danger from the 

 furnace is further reduced as follows 

 When furnace pipes pass th.-ough par- 

 titions they should be made double, with 

 a ^-inch air space, and the adjoining 

 studs should be protected by tin set on 

 furrings upon it. The studs should be 

 at least 3 inches from the pipe. All 

 hot-air pipes should be covered with a 

 wrapping of J-inch asbestos to a point 

 fully 15 feet from the furnace. The 

 space about the double pipe can be 

 filled with mortar or plaster of paris to 

 good advantage. One register (perhaps 

 that in the hall) should be fastened open 

 so that it cannot be closed. This is an 

 infallible gauge on the furnace. The 

 cold-air box should be constructed entirely of galvanised iron, and so arranged 

 that when the cold air is cut off the supply will come from the cellar. The inlet 

 for cold air should supply a sufficient amount of air at the top of the furnace, 



Fig. 23. Showing a fireproof staircase, which utilises two 

 disconnected wells 



. Airspace d. Exit door h. Floor level 



b. False ceiling 



c. Fireproof door 



e. Ground level 

 i. Cellar bottom 



k. Line of house 

 Grated vent 



