208 



The Country House 



supply pipe the greater will be its velocity, and this is one thing which we wish to 

 avoid. If the water will not stay in the pitcher while you are drawing it, 



what's the use? 

 It is probably 

 \\vll understood that 

 all substances ex- 

 pand with the appli- 

 cation of heat and 

 contract with cold. 

 Water is no excep- 

 tion to this general 

 rule. As this expan- 

 sion increases the 

 bulk without increas- 

 ing the specific grav- 

 ity, i-ach particle of 

 hot water is relatively 

 lighter than the par- 

 ticli-s of cold water, 

 and naturally rises 

 when an opportunity 

 is afforded. It is this 

 principle that forms 

 the basis of the hot- 

 water system. 



Fig. 35 shows a section through a boiler and waterback which will illustrate its 

 application. The water is brought into the boiler from the top, through a pipe 

 (a) which extends down through the inside to a point m-ar the bottom (d). This 

 cold-water entry should always be below that of the hot water (f); the greater the 

 distance the better the circulation and the quicker the service. At the present time 

 some boilers are made in which the connection from the waterback is made 

 directly with the outlet from the boiler (b). These are said to give great satis- 

 faction. The office of the boiler in this case, as in the ordinary system, is the 

 storage of hot water, which accumulates at the top. The cold-water outlet from 

 the boiler is in the bottom and connects with the waterback in the range. This 

 waterback becoming heated, the water in it naturally takes an upward course 

 and flows through a return pipe to enter the boiler at f. Thus the top part of 

 the boiler becomes the hot-water storage and discharges through the outlet pipe at 

 the top (b). Great care should be taken that the run of pipe from the waterback 

 to the boiler does not pitch or sag in the direction in which the water is supposed 

 to travel. Such conditions naturally destroy the circuit, as they violate its first 

 principle. Pipes should have easy rather than abrupt bends, that friction may be 

 reduced. 



The pipe (c) is a safety pipe which extends up to the level of the water in the 

 supply tank (see Fig. 34), thus allowing for any expansion or contraction which 

 would tend to the reduction of the boiler to junk, as is frequently the case 



A kitchen range with suspended hot-water boiler. This device saves the floor space, which 

 in this case, is required for the setting of the gas range 



