Plumbing 



209 



when such pipe is omitted. As a matter of fact, the water is supposed to rise 

 only to the height of its source; to make sure that no unlooked-for spasm shall con- 

 vert it into temporary activity, the end is turned down over the tank. 



The supply pipe leaving the boiler makes the circuit of hot-water connec- 

 tions in the simplest and most direct manner the shorter this may be the better. 

 This system, as shown, performs a circuit of the connections and returns again 

 to the boiler through the waterback. This keeps the water in constant circula- 

 tion, and consequently makes it possible to draw hot water at once from the 

 faucets without having to wait for it to run hot. Its only objection is in carrying 

 hot pipes through the various rooms, which is not always desirable. Then, too, 

 the wear and tear on these pipes is necessarily much greater than in a system 

 where the circuit is not installed. 



If it becomes desirable to discontinue the circuit, that is, to empty the boiler 

 and the hot-water pipes, preparatory to closing the house for the season, the water 

 is first shut off* from the supply, and all hot-water faucets and the stop cock (s) 

 on waste at the bottom of boiler opened wide. This will drain the entire system, 

 mostly through the waste, and the air to replace the water will find its way 

 to the boiler as the water recedes through the safety and supply pipes. Thus 

 the safety pipe and the open faucets prevent the possible collapse of the boiler. 



It will be seen 

 from the above brief 

 description that it is 

 the pressure that 

 causes the delivery 

 of the water, but it 

 is the principle of 

 heated bodies which 

 causes the circula- 

 tion of hot water 

 and makes it poss- 

 ible to draw this 

 rather than the 

 cold. 



Without going 

 into the simple de- 

 tails of the necessary 

 connections, it may 

 be stated that it is 

 possible to heat the 

 water from two 

 places at once or 



from either of the places. One system employs two waterbacks, in the kitchen 

 and laundry respectively, and connected with one boiler in the former location. 

 The other connects two simple systems with local boilers and waterbacks. 



Cracking noises in the pipes and waterback and a rumbling in the boiler 

 indicate something radically wrong, which may result more seriously than it 



A large soapstone kitchen sink, weli lighted and well placed. The utensils are conveniently 



arranged 



