256 



The Country House 



Fig. 48. A good stable or barn 

 vent 



country estate would probably provide for horses and cows, including colt and 

 calf pens and perhaps a bull pen, granary, hay and straw mows, and a milk 

 room separated from the rest of the barn in such a way that it may be secure 



from infectious odours. This last is important inasmuch 

 as milk becomes tainted very quickly, and its removal to 

 an isolated place at the earliest possible moment is im- 

 perative. To the above list should also be added the en- 

 closure or paddock for both horses and cattle. 



We have already offered several suggestions for 

 the horse stall; there remains the cow stall. It is doubt- 

 ful if the common type of tie-up can be much improved 

 upon, at least by any radical change. Every cow comes 

 instinctively to the old-fashioned contrivance, and with 

 a clever toss of the head at once fastens herself in the 

 self-locking yoke. The contrivance is very simple and 

 complete, and it is hard to see just where any radical 

 improvement is warranted or desired. 



Cow stalls are built in two styles- 

 single and double. The single stall is 

 usually about 5x9 feet and the double 

 about 8 feet wide. It is needless to 

 state that the single type is preferable. 

 The cow is fed off the floor level, 

 the manger being placed upon it, and 

 the feed is delivered at the front and 

 from the central alley on which the stalls 

 usually face. 



The bull pen may be 8 x 16 feet, 

 with tight wall, and is usually more or 

 less dark. It has direct access to the cow 

 yard. As the bull is often hard enough 

 to lead in a straight line, to say noth- 

 ing of fancy curves, etc., it is best that 

 his pen be provided with an entrance at either end, each leading to the yard; in 

 this way he may travel always forward, and his possible escape be limited to the 

 aforesaid cow yard. 



The amount of air allowed for cattle is the same as that for a horse. As 

 there is no heat, the ventilation is by natural draught. This, however, may be 

 accelerated under normal conditions by making the top of the roof vent of glass; 

 the sun will thus warm the air at the outlet and create a draught. 



A good type is shown in Fig. 48. The metal vent pipe is carried into the 

 dome so that the flow of air shall not be cut off by strong winds blowing through 

 the hood. The hot-air chamber accelerates the draught. 



A simple and convenient type of barn is shown by the section in Fig. 49. The 

 site is on sloping ground, and the central alley extends through from end to end, 

 with double doors and a driveway at each. This alley is 2 feet above the level 



Fig. 49. Section through a barn 



