324 



The Country House 



a circulation of air, which tended to a more even drying than if the space between 

 studs were sealed tightly. In the case of back plastering this is ineffective. 



Porches. It should be remembered that the presence of thick foliage on 

 pojches, piazzas and house walls has a tendency to invite moisture, harbour 

 insects, and often shut off light from the house. It should further be remembered 

 that in the case of a wooden structure, where the walls, etc., have to be repainted, 

 these same vines have to be removed in order to execute the work properly. 

 Understanding this, it may be well to consider the advisability of using the natural- 

 wood finish, as this may be retouched with spar varnish or oiled with less trouble, 

 as far as the vines are concerned, than if paint was used. 



Power. The power necessary to raise a given amount of water is calculated 

 as follows: Multiply the number of gallons raised per minute by 8.35 (the weight 

 of one gallon of water), and multiply the product by the height in feet to which 

 the water is to be raised; this equals the number of foot pounds. Divide this by 

 33,000 (one horsepower), and the result is the horsepower required. Allow 

 15 per cent, for friction. 



Pump. It is always best to have a hand force pump connected in the pump 

 house, even if you do use power, so that in case the power should give out your 

 system will not be totally disabled. 



Where a pump is to be used by women and children, especially if the total dis- 

 tance which the water is carried be considerable, an easy working pump is an abso- 

 lute necessity. Therefore the leverage should be long and the bore com- 

 paratively small. 



Radiators. The pounding often noticed in the pipes of the steam radiator, and 

 commonly called "water hammer," can be prevented by locating the horizontal 

 return pipes in the basement at a level below the w r ater line in the boiler; or, in 

 other words, by putting the return pipe where it belongs. 



In an indirect system never allow one coil to supply two outlet registers; 

 always give a separate coil to each room. 



Direct radiators, especially those of steam, should, if large, be made in 

 sections, so that but one section may be used if desired. This will be found of 

 much practical value in regulating the supply of heat in mild weather, which feat is 

 most difficult with the radiator of the ordinary single type. 



Right- Angled Triangle. In laying out a building without the assistance of a 

 surveyor it is necessary to be able to make the corners of the building absolutely 

 square. A simple method of effecting this is by laying out a correct right-angled 

 triangle, which is done in the following manner (see Fig. 61): Supposing A to 



