THE DOG. 93 



and possesses a sense of smell superior to that of nearly 

 all other animals. The faculty of distinguishing odors 

 resides in the delicate membrane lining the interior of 

 the nose and covering certain small bones contained in 

 the nasal fossae. The greater the surface of this mem- 

 brane the more easy becomes the perception of odors, 

 and the sense of smell is more delicate and subtle. The 

 nose of the dog is very long ; it takes up two-thirds 

 the length of the head, and contains largely-developed 

 turbinated bones. Besides, the sensitive membrane, which 

 in most animals is limited to the interior of the nasal 

 organ, in the dog extends beyond and covers the fleshy 

 protuberance on the end of the nose. The dog has thus, 

 we may say, two noses, one internal and the other ex- 

 ternal ; the latter is always moist, and always turning 

 from side to side in the air and gathering odorous im- 

 pressions. The ears of the dog are well developed, and 

 in most cases the pavilion is much elongated. 



All the organs of sense are in direct relation by con- 

 necting nerves with the nervous system, of which the 

 general arrangement is the same as that which has been 

 described in man. However, in the dog and in all car- 

 nivorous animals, the cerebrum extends far beyond the 

 cerebellum, which is thus completely covered. The 

 olfactory lobes are strikingly developed, being propor- 

 tional to the delicacy of the sense of smell, already 

 mentioned. 



The convolutions are much more simple than those ex- 

 isting in the brain of man. 



The female dog nourishes her young with milk se- 

 creted by mammary glands ; these latter are abdominal. 



All races of dogs, bull-dogs, terriers, pug-dogs, shep- 

 herd dogs, spaniels, beagles, greyhounds, setters, pointers, 



