BIRDS. 271 



ostrich, but is not as large, and its grayish feathers have 

 no commercial value. The emu and the cassowary are 

 found in Australia and the South Sea Islands ; they are 

 three or four feet high. The cassowary has a horny 

 crest on the forehead ; the emu has none ; otherwise the 

 birds are very similar. 



CARINAT^E. 



The following classification of the carinatae, the birds 

 with a keeled breastbone, is mainly that of Bidgway's 

 " North American Birds :" 



1. PYGOPODES. Divers : loon, penguin, auk. 



2. LONGIPENNES. Gulls and terns. 



3. TUBINARES. Nostrils open at end of nasal bones : albatross, petrels. 



4. STEGANOPODES. Toes all webbed completely : cormorant, pelican. 



5. ANSERES. Ducks, geese, swans. 



6. ODONTOGLOSS^E. Flamingoes. 



7. HERODIONES. Herons, ibis, storks. 



8. PALUDICOL^E. Cranes, rails, coots. 



9. LIMICOL.E. Plover, snipe, woodcock. 



10. GALLING. Chickens, partridge, quail, turkey, pheasant. 



11. COLUMB.E. Pigeons and doves. 



12. RAPTORES. Eagles, hawks, vultures, buzzards. 



13. PSITTACL Cockatoos, parrots, paroquets. 



14. COCCYGES. Cuckoo. 



15. Pier. Woodpeckers, nicker. 



16. MACROCHIRES. Goat-suckers, whippoorwill, humming-birds. 



17. PASSERES. Perching birds. 



SWIMMING AND DIVING BIRDS. 



The orders of swimming and diving birds are related 

 only by the aquatic habits common to all. The feet are 

 webbed or palmated more or less perfectly, according to 

 the order. The plumage is covered with a sort of fatty 

 varnish that makes it impermeable to water ; under the 

 feathers is an exceedingly soft and thick down that 

 protects the body from cold ; the neck is more or less 



