Cuban Cane Sugar 



countries of the world were crude 

 almost beyond belief. The first 

 crushers consisted of wooden rollers 

 two adze-hewn logs usually ver- 

 tical, operated by hand-power. 

 Twenty -five per cent, of the total 

 juice represented all that could be 

 extracted by this means. 



The first improvement and this 

 came not so many years ago was 

 the substitution of vertical cast-iron 

 rollers, which, in construction and 

 manipulation, differed little from the 

 old wooden rollers, but added an 

 extra fifteen per cent, to the total 

 of the juice extraction. The next 

 advance was marked by the intro- 

 duction of steam-power, which per- 

 mitted an increase in the size of 

 rollers; and finally this improve- 

 ment was followed by the introduc- 

 tion of horizontal instead of vertical 

 rollers. These raised the efficiency 

 of extraction to sixty -five per cent. 

 [22] 



