LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 



FIG. T. Successive forms of Paludina, from the Tertiary deposits 



ofSlavcnia 19 



2. Skeleton of Seal 52 



3. Skeleton of Greenland Whule 53 



4. Paddle of Whale compared with Hand ol Man . . 54 



5. Wing of Reptile, Mammal, and Bird .... 56 



6. Skeleton of Dinorn is gravis . . . . . .61 



7. Hermit-crabs compared with the cocoa-nut crab . . 64 



8. Rudimentary or vestigial hind-limbs of P)thon . . 67 

 g. Apteryx Auslralu 69 



10. Illustrations of the nictitating membiane in various 



animals named . -75 



11. Rudimentary, or vestigial and useless, muscles of the 



human ear 76 



12. Portrait of a young male gorilla ..... 78 



13. Portrait of a young male child 79 



14. An infant, three weeks old, suppoiting its own weight . 81 



15. Sacrum of Gorilla compared with that of Man, showing 



the rudimentary tail-bones of each .... 82 



1 6. Diagrammatic outline of the human embryo when about 



seven weeks old 83 



17. Front and back view of adult human sacrum ... 84 



1 8. Appendix vermiformis in Orang and in Man ... 85 



19. The same, showing variation in the Orang ... 85 



20. Human ear 86 



21. 1 cetus of an Orang 87 



22. Vestigial characters of human ears .... 88 



23. Hair-tracts on the arms and hands of Man, as compared 



with those on the arms and hands of Chimpanzee . 90 



24. Molar teeth of lower jaw in Gorilla, Orang, and Man . 93 



