3 Q 4 DARWINIAN ISM. 



hibited." This " at once," in the circumstances, jars ; but 

 it must not be supposed to precede or preclude, in such 

 a man as Darwin, the awful new joy of fatherhood over 

 his first-born, a male. " I felt convinced.," he goes on 

 to say (i. 95), "even at this early period, that the most 

 complex and pure shades of expression must all have 

 had a gradual and natural origin." In a word, even at 

 birth, he would see in the babe the brute. And yet the 

 very first note of expression in his child crying had 

 never possibly a prototype in any brute that ever was 

 born ! 



It is thus Mr. Darwin commences. Nevertheless we 

 still agree with Dr. Krause that the subject as a whole 

 was in great part a suggestion to the grandson on the 

 part of the grandfather (see Zooiiomia, say i. 140180). 

 To the latter, for example, we have fear and its manifes- 

 tation in this way : The new-born infant feels oppres- 

 sion for breath, and is struck by cold. It breathes 

 short, it trembles ; and fear is the expectation of similar 

 disagreeable sensations afterwards. The tears and 

 snivelling at birth, too, result from the action of the air 

 on the lachrymal sac. Hence it is that we contract the 

 forehead, bring down the eyebrows, and use many other 

 contortions of the face to compress the sacs, establishing 

 in this way the permanent language of grief. Still, with 

 the child at birth, there is more than pain concerned ; 

 there is also pleasure. There is the warm, soft smooth- 

 ness of the breast, and there is the fragrance of the 

 milk. The latter tends also to irritate to tears. " Hence 

 the tender feelings of gratitude and love, as well as of 

 hopeless grief, are ever after joined with the titillation 

 of the extremity of the lachrymal ducts, and a profusion 

 of tears." It is in a like spirit that lambs are spoken 

 of. They " shake or wriggle their tails, at the time 

 when they first suck, to get free of the first hardened 



