NATURAL SELECTION CRITICISED. 321 



very port and gait," he says, " of a swan, or turkey, or 

 peacock, show the high idea he has entertained of him- 

 self, and his contempt of all others. This is the more 

 remarkable, that in the two last species of animals, the 

 pride always attends the beauty, and is discovered in the 

 male only. The vanity and emulation of nightingales in 

 singing have been commonly remarked ; as likewise that 

 of horses in swiftness, of hounds in sagacity and smell, 

 of the bull and cock in strength, and of every other 

 animal in his particular excellency. Add to this that 

 every species of creatures, which approach so often to 

 man as to familiarise themselves with him, show an 

 evident pride in his approbation, and are pleased with 

 his praises and caresses, independent of every other 

 consideration. Nor are they the caresses of every one 

 without distinction which give them this vanity, but 

 those principally of the persons they know and love ; in 

 the same manner as that passion is excited in mankind. 

 All these are evident proofs that pride and humility are 

 not merely human passions, but extend themselves over 

 the whole animal creation." 



One sees here more than one point of difference 

 between two men not otherwise unlike in their adherence 

 to the eighteenth century enlightenment (Aufklaruny). 

 Habit, hereditariness, is not for a moment thought of 

 by Hume. The expression of pride, vanity, emulation, 

 is primary and direct. Sexual selection he never dreams 

 of in regard to the peacock ;' and there is no call to him 

 for any ambages as to the origin of the dog's feelings for 

 man. Nay, Mr. Darwin himself did not, in the general 

 reference, at all double things in this way when lie \\.-is 

 in the Galapagos. Of the huge lizards he says (Journal, 

 p. 388): "I watched one for a long time burrowing in 

 the soil, till half its body was buried ; I then walked 

 up and pulled it by the tail; at this it was greatly 



