44 Darwinism and Other Essays. 



tions are formed after birth under the influence 

 of outward circumstances which slightly vary 

 from generation to generation. Where there is 

 no infancy, all the most important nervous com- 

 binations are established before birth, and under 

 the unmodified influence of the powerful conserva- 

 tive tendency of heredity. Where there is an in- 

 fancy, many important nervous combinations are 

 not formed until after birth, and the strictly con- 

 servative tendency of heredity is liable to be 

 modi6ed by the fact that the experience of the 

 offspring amid environing circumstances is not 

 likely to be precisely the same as that of the par- 

 ent. The prolongation of infancy, therefore, in- 

 creases the opportunities for the production of a 

 mental type more plastic than that which is wit- 

 nessed in the lower animals ; it paves the way for 

 inventiveness and for progress. It is, further- 

 more, the increased variety of experience result- 

 ing from this increased mental plasticity that leads 

 to the power of abstraction and generalization 

 the power of marking out and isolating in thought 

 the element that is common to different groups of 

 phenomena. 



Now, in the first employment of articulated 

 words by inchoate man, who had hitherto only 

 grunted or howled, the main point to be inter 



