230 Darwinism and Other Essays. 



shire, a Dane in Cheshire, and a Dun in Lincoln- 

 shire. The same name appears in the Rho-c&zw- 

 us, or Rhone, in Gaul ; the Eri-cfaw-us, or Po, in 

 Italy ; as well as in the Dw-ieper, Dw-iester, and 

 Dan-ube ; and even in the Are-don in the Cau- 

 casus. This is one example out of hundreds by 

 which we trace the former ubiquity of the Kelts, 

 who as late as the Christian era were present in 

 large numbers as far east as Bohemia. 



The second series of invading Aryan swarms 

 consisted of Germans, who began by pushing the 

 Kelts westward, and ended by overrunning a great 

 part of their territory and mixing with them to a 

 considerable extent. There is some German blood 

 in Spain, and a good deal in France and northern 

 Italy ; and the modern English, while Keltic at 

 bottom, are probably half Teutonic in blood, as 

 they are predominantly Teutonic in language and 

 manners. The Vandals, Goths, Alemanni, Suevi, 

 Burgundians, Lombards, Franks, Saxons, and 

 Normans, who invaded and reconstructed the 

 Roman Empire between the fifth and eleventh 

 centuries, were all Germans, and there is no rea- 

 son to suppose that they differed except in their 

 tribal names. From the fifth century onward 

 these Germans encroached upon the territory of 

 the Empire, mainly because they were pushed 



