CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO 



DURING 1914 and 1915 I had gathered much material 

 concerning the Pangermanist League with its schemes 

 for absorption and conquest, and in January, 1916, 

 I contributed to The Scientific Monthly an article 

 entitled "The Ways of Pangermany." 



Ways of I n contrast with democratic freedom, order, and 

 justice, I analyzed the Prussian theory of "the 

 State," 1 involving control by an irresistible but 

 avowedly benevolent paternalism. If the people 

 were satisfied, well and good; but contented or not, 

 they were fed and then shorn. The democratic state, 

 on the other hand, is a voluntary combination of 

 human units for mutual benefit to assure those gen- 

 eral needs which can be better attained by public 

 cooperation than by private enterprise. 



TWO According to Bismarck the principle on which the 



State 2 rests is loyalty to the leader. Our British race 

 has never accepted this point of view, professing 

 adherence to higher and more permanent ideals. The 

 f one theory works itself out in monarchy, the other 

 in individual freedom. 



The German industrial system which forced labor 

 into channels of efficiency without regard to indi- 

 vidual will or initiative was inseparable from German 

 militarism. France required three years of military 

 service, with conscription in war time, but her 



1 See Vol. I, Chapter xi, page 277. 



2 Das Prinzip der Staatenbildung ist fur die Germanen die Treue zu ihrem 

 Fuhrer. 



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