102 



DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. 



there are several kinds ; the most important distinctions 

 depending upon whether the edges of two contiguous 

 sepals or petals meet without 

 overlapping when the aesti- 

 vation is called "valvular" 

 (fig. 103. v) ; or whether the 

 one overlaps the other when 

 it is termed " imbricate " 

 (fig. 103. i). The various 

 modifications to which the 

 estivation is subject, is rea- 

 dily seen, by making a trans- 

 verse section through the flower-bud. Thus, the " con- 

 duplicate" (fig. 104. c), is , M 

 where the edges in the valvu- / /^~~' :: \\ n^^^A 

 lar aestivation, are rolled in- (((C ^j\V\l < > 

 wards beyond the line of \^^//J U_, ^ 

 contact. The "contorted" ; 

 or " twisted " aestivation (T), 



when the parts of an imbricate aestivation are so 

 curved, that each is partially wrapped round one, 

 and at the same time is partially enveloped within 

 another. These examples are sufficient to afford a ge- 

 neral notion of this phenomenon. 



CHAP. V. 



REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Continued. 



FRUIT PERICARP (105.). FORMS OF FRUIT (108.). 



SEEDS (109.). EMBRYO (111.). REPRODUCTION OF 



CRYPTOGAMOUS fLANTS (114.). 



105.) Fruit. IMMEDIATELY after the flower has 

 become' fully expanded, several of its parts begin to 



