108 DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. PART I. 



divided into two spurious cells (fe), by the back of the 

 legume becoming doubled inwards until it reaches the 

 placenta. In some cases, the legume is divided by 

 transverse partitions (e), formed by the agglutination 

 of the opposite parietes, so that each seed appears 

 to be contained in a separate cell ; and in some cases 

 the pericarp is pinched between each seed, so that 

 the sides nearly meet, when it is termed " lomen- 

 taceous" (</). In some cases it falls to pieces at these 

 transverse contractions, and breaks up into as many 

 detached cells as there are seeds. In the genus Medi- 

 cago, the legume is curiously twisted in a spiral manner, 

 and somewhat resembles a snail-shell (e). 



3. Drupe. This form may be illustrated by the 

 plum, cherry, and other stone-fruits, where the peri- 

 carp has a thickened and pulpy mesocarp, with a stony 

 endocarp. It contains two seeds in the early state ; 

 but one of them is most frequently abortive, and withers 

 completely before the fruit is ripe. The numerous 

 small drupes, or " drupels," of the raspberry, and other 

 Rubi, are closely aggregated on a spongy convex torus 

 (fig. I IS. a). 



4. Nut. This is a bony pericarp, containing a 

 single seed, to which it is not closely attached (fig. 

 116.). The strawberry has a fleshy succulent torus, 

 covered with small nuts (fig. 113.). 



The torus of the rose, coats the interior 

 of the tube of the calyx, and its nuts 

 are placed round the sides and at the bot- 

 tom of this tube. This form of the pe- 

 ricarp must not be confounded with the fruit usually 

 called a nut, and which belongs to the " glans," pre- 

 sently to be described. 



Pericarps simple by Abortion. 



5. Cariopsis. This pericarp is a thin, dry, ancj 

 indehiscent membrane, closely investing, and in- 



