SECT. I. ORGANOGRAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



109 



deed adhering to, the seed as in corn, and other Gra- 

 minese. As these pericarps bear two or three stigmas, 

 the seed is probably simple by abortion, and there- 

 fore the fruit, strictly speaking, is compound. 



6. Akenium. This may be con- 

 sidered as a cariopsis, with the su- 

 peraddition of the calyx, adhering to 

 the pericarp, and forming a single 

 skin round the seed which, in this 

 case also, is simple by abortion. The 

 fruit of the " Composite " are formed on this plan 



118 



1. Glann. Acorns (^.118.), 

 hazel nuts, and chestnuts, are exam- 

 ples of this form. The base of the 

 fruit is enveloped by an involu- 

 crum, which at first contains several 

 flowers, but one of them alone per- 

 fects its seed. The pericarp is tough 

 or woody, indehiscent, adhering to 

 the perianth, one-celled by abortion, 

 and containing one or more seeds. 



8. Capsule, This is a very general term, for dry 

 fruits composed of two or more carpels, variously com- 

 bined and modified. 



9- Gourd. The carpels 

 are not complete, but united 

 by their edges so as to form 

 a single cell with parietal pla- 

 centae. The pericarp is thick 

 and fleshy, with the outer coat 

 hard (fig.119.). 



10. Berry. This term 

 is applied to very liquid fruits, 

 which are covered with an in- 

 dehiscent skin, as the grape, 

 gooseberry, and others. In 

 the gooseberry the carpels are incomplete, and form one 

 cell with parietal placentae (fig. 120. a) ; and the calyx 



119 



